Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Proceratophrys cristiceps (Müller, 1883)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Odontophrynidae > Genus: Proceratophrys > Species: Proceratophrys cristiceps

Ceratophrys cristiceps Müller, 1883, Kat. Herpetol. Samml. Basler Mus., 3: 8. Reprinted as Müller, 1885, Verh. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, 7: 279). Holotype: NHMB 1503 according to Forcart, 1946, Verh. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, 57: 122. Type locality: "Brasilien"; restricted to "Caatinga biome and adjacent areas", Brazil, by Mângia, Oliveira, Santana, Koroiva, Paiva, and Garda, 2020, J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res., 58: 1166.

Stombus cristiceps — Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, Rev. Mus. Paulista, São Paulo, 12: 302. Reig and Limeses, 1963, Physis, Buenos Aires, 24: 114.

Ceratophrys cristiceps — Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 385.

Proceratophrys cristiceps — Lynch, 1971, Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 53: 134.

Proceratophrys caramaschii Cruz, Nunes, and Juncá, 2012, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 7: 117. Holotype: MNRJ 16592, by original designation. Type locality: "Mucuripe, municipality of Fortaleza (03° 43′ S and 38° 29′ W, 334 m at sea level; WGS84 datum), state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil". Synonymy by Mângia, Oliveira, Santana, Koroiva, Paiva, and Garda, 2020, J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res., 58: 1151.

Proceratophrys aridus Cruz, Nunes, and Juncá, 2012, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 7: 118. Holotype: MNRJ 55782, by original designation. Type locality: "Minador farm, municipality of Milagres (38° 56′ W and 07° 18′ S, 334 m a.s.l.; SAD69 datum), state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil". Synonymy by Mângia, Oliveira, Santana, Koroiva, Paiva, and Garda, 2020, J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res., 58: 1151.

English Names

Muller's Smooth Horned Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 84).

Distribution

Eastern coastal region of northeastern Brazil, from the states of Ceará, Piauí, likely northeastern Maranhão as well as Rio Grande do Norte to Bahia, with a southern limit near Todos os Santos Bay.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Brazil

Endemic: Brazil

Comment

Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 92, included Proceratophrys goyana as a synonym but provided no evidence to support this view. U. Caramaschi In Cannatella, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 339, noted that this putative synonymy would be in error, as the species are quite distinctive. See account (as Ceratophrys cristiceps) by Cochran, 1955 "1954", Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 206: 228–230. Nunes and Juncá, 2006, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 64: 151–157, reported on the advertisement call. Vieira, Vieira, and Santana, 2007, Zootaxa, 1397: 17–24, discussed comparative tadpole morphology. Vieira, Arzabe, Hernández, and Vieira, 2008, PLoS One, 3(12: e3934): 1–9, reported on intrapopulational morphometrics. Cruz, Nunes, and Juncá, 2012, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 7: 110–122, reviewed the species and redelimited the range. Dias, Carvalho-e-Silva, and Carvalho-e-Silva, 2013, Zootaxa, 3683: 427–438, reported on the morphology of the larval chondrocranium. Nunes, Loebmann, Cruz, and Haddad, 2015, Salamandra, 51: 103–110, provided an account (as Proceratophrys caramaschii) dealing with the range, advertisement call, reproductive data, and color pattern variation. Santos, Costa, Sena, Araújo, and Andrade, 2019, Herpetol. Notes, 12: 675–670, provided a new record (as Proceratophrys caramaschii) for Piaui, Brazil, and discussed and mapped the range. Dubeux, Silva, Nascimento, Gonçalves, and Mott, 2019, Rev. Nordestina Zool., 12: 18–52, summarized the literature on larval morphology. See Dubeux, Nascimento, Lima, Magalhães, Silva, Gonçalves, Almeida, Correia, Garda, Mesquita, Rossa-Feres, and Mott, 2020, Biota Neotrop., 20 (2: e20180718): 1–24, for characterization and identification of larvae north of the Rio São Francisco in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil. Mângia, Oliveira, Santana, Koroiva, Paiva, and Garda, 2020, J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res., 58: 1151–1172, reported on molecular and morphological phylogeography and geographic call variation, resulting in the synonymy of Proceratophrys aridus and Proceratophrys caramaschii. They also redescribed the holotype of Proceratophrys cristiceps as well as discussing other systematic issues. Vieira, Oliveira, Vieira, and Alves, 2022, PeerJ, 10(e12879): 1–30, reported on morphometric and chromatic variation within nominal Proceratophrys cristiceps and suggested that the number of species within the Proceratophrys cristiceps group is over-estimated.

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For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.