Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Proceratophrys melanopogon (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Odontophrynidae > Genus: Proceratophrys > Species: Proceratophrys melanopogon

Stombus melanopogon Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 27: 125–126. Holotype: MNRJ 294, according to Miranda-Ribeiro, 1955, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 42: 408. Type locality: "Alto da Serra, (S[ão] Paulo)", Brazil. Rendered as "Paranapiacaba (= Alto da Serra), São Paulo", Brazil by Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 92.

Proceratophrys melanopogon — Heyer, Rand, Cruz, Peixoto, and Nelson, 1990, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 31: 318.

English Names

None noted.

Distribution

Serra do Mar range in south, central, and northern portions of the State of Rio de Janeiro and east of the State of São Paulo, Brazil.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Brazil

Endemic: Brazil

Comment

Removed from the synonymy of Proceratophrys appendiculata by Heyer, Rand, Cruz, Peixoto, and Nelson, 1990, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 31: 318, where is had been placed by Izecksohn and Peixoto, 1981, Rev. Brasil. Biol., 41: 19–24. See Izecksohn, Cruz, and Peixoto, 1999 "1998", Rev. Univ. Rural, Ser. Cienc. Vida, 20: 37–54, for discussion. Records for Minas Gerais provided by Feio, Cruz, and Izecksohn, 2003, Herpetol. Rev., 34: 162–163 (presumably now assigned to Proceratophrys mantiqueira). See account by Prado and Pombal, 2008, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 39: 43–47 (in the sense of including species named in 2014). Mângia, Santana, and Feio, 2010, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 5: 127–131, reported on the advertisement call. Cruz, Feio, and Caramaschi, 2009, Anf. Ibitipoca: 74–75, provided photographs and a brief account for Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Minas Gerais, Brazil (presumably now assignable to Proceratophrys mantiqueira). Provete, Ouchi-Melo, Garey, Gomes, Martins, and Rossa-Feres, 2013, Herpetologica, 69: 163–174, reported on larval morphology. Dias, Amaro, Carvalho-e-Silva, and Rodrigues, 2013, Zootaxa, 3682: 293, suggested on the basis of molecular evidence that this binominal may represent more than one species. Mângia, Santana, Cruz, and Feio, 2014, Bol. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, N.S., Zool., 531: 1–33, named four new species previously confused with Proceratophrys melanopogon (Proceratophrys mantiqueira, Proceratophrys gladius, Proceratophrys pombali, and Proceratophrys itamari), and redelimited Proceratophrys melanopogon.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.