Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Proceratophrys renalis (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Odontophrynidae > Genus: Proceratophrys > Species: Proceratophrys renalis

Ceratophrys renalis Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, Rev. Mus. Paulista, São Paulo, 12: 296. Syntypes: MZUSP, by original designation. Given as MZUSP 0932 and 56310 by Prado and Pombal, 2008, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 39: 39, who designated MZUSP 0932 as lectotype. Type locality: "Itabuna, Bahia", Brazil. Given as "Município de Itabuna (14°47’S, 39°16’W), Bahia, Brasil", by Prado and Pombal, 2008, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 39: 39.

Stombus renalis — Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, Rev. Mus. Paulista, São Paulo, 12: 302.

Proceratophrys renalis — Lynch, 1971, Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 53: 134; Prado and Pombal, 2008, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 39: 38.

Common Names

None noted.

Distribution

Coastal Ceara and Paraíba south through Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, and eastern Bahia to north-central Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Brazil

Endemic: Brazil

Comment

Removed from the synonymy of Proceratophrys boiei by Prado and Pombal, 2008, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 39: 38, where it had been placed by Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 26, and Izecksohn and Peixoto, 1981, Rev. Brasil. Biol., 41: 19–24. See account by Prado and Pombal, 2008, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 39: 1–85 [38–43]. Nascimento, Lisboa, Skuk, and de Sá, 2010, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 5: 241–248, reported on larval morphology. Santana, Rodriguez, Albuquerque, Laranjeiras, Protázio, França, and Mesquita, 2011, Zootaxa, 2809: 67–68, reported on the advertisement call. Mângia, Guimarães, and Feio, 2012, Check List, 8: 298–299, provided a range extension in Minas Gerais, and a range map. Dubeux, Silva, Nascimento, Gonçalves, and Mott, 2019, Rev. Nordestina Zool., 12: 18–52, summarized the literature on larval morphology. See Dubeux, Nascimento, Lima, Magalhães, Silva, Gonçalves, Almeida, Correia, Garda, Mesquita, Rossa-Feres, and Mott, 2020, Biota Neotrop., 20 (2: e20180718): 1–24, for characterization and identification of larvae north of the Rio São Francisco in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil. Bastos and Zina, 2022, Herpetol. Notes, 15: 365–376, reported the species from Jequié municipality, Bahia, Brazil, and briefly discussed its habitat and conservation status. Dubeux, Lisboa, Nascimento, Araujo, Tiburcio, Torquato da Silva, Freitas, Guarnieri, and Mott, 2024, Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ., 59: 967–982, reported the species from Estação Ecológica de Murici, Alagoas state, Brazil, and discussed its habitat.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist