Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Abavorana luctuosa (Peters, 1871)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Ranidae > Genus: Abavorana > Species: Abavorana luctuosa

Limnodytes luctuosus Peters, 1871, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1871: 579. Holotype: MSNG 29344 according to Capocaccia, 1957, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ser. 3, 69: 215. Type locality: "Sarawak", (Borneo) Malaysia.

Rana luctuosa — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 68.

Rana (Limnodytes) luctuosa — Mocquard, 1890, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 3, 2: 122.

Rana (Hylorana) luctuosa — Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 126.

Rana (Hylarana) luctuosa — Van Kampen, 1923, Amph. Indo-Austral. Arch.: 196; Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 360; Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 42; by implication.

Hylorana luctuosa — Deckert, 1938, Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturforsch. Freunde Berlin, 1938: 144.

Rana (Pulchrana) luctuosa — Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 326.

Pulchrana luctuosa — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 369; Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Herpetol. Sinica, 12: 33. See comment under Ranidae record.

Hylarana luctuosa — Che, Pang, Zhao, Wu, Zhao, and Zhang, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 43: 1-13, by implication.

Abavorana luctuosa — Oliver, Prendini, Kraus, and Raxworthy, 2015, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 90: 186.

English Names

Malaysian Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 108).

Purple Frog (Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 134).

Mahogany Frog (Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 128; Das, Jankowski, Makmor, and Haas, 2007, Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst., 104: 159).

Distribution

Southern peninsular Thailand (Kanchanaburi and Tak provinces) and peninsular Malaysia; Malaysian Borneo in Sabah state (Imbak Canyon and Sipitang; Sarawak state: Bukit Kana, Samarakan and Tubau in Bintulu Division and Kubah National Park).

Comment

Literature for the Borneo range may include Abavorana decorata, not recognized until 2021. In the Section Hylarana, subsection Hydrophylax, subgenus Pulchrana of Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 326. See accounts by Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 183; Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 360–362, Taylor, 1962, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 43: 451–453; and Inger, 1966, Fieldiana, Zool., 52: 206–207. See also account in Berry, 1975, Amph. Fauna Peninsular Malaysia: 74–75. Thailand is range according to Khonsue and Thirakhupt, 2001, Nat. Hist. J. Chulalongkorn Univ., 1: 73. See brief account and photo by Manthey and Grossmann, 1997, Amph. Rept. Südostasiens: 111–112. Malkmus, Manthey, Vogel, Hoffmann, and Kosuch, 2002, Amph. Rept. Mount Kinabalu: 163–165, provided an account. Leong and Lim, 2003, Raffles Bull. Zool., 51: 128–130, provided a record from Raub District, Pahang, West Malaysia. Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 125, provided a very brief account, map for Thailand, and photograph. Das, Jankowski, Makmor, and Haas, 2007, Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst., 104: 159, provided a brief description. Chan-ard, Cota, and Makchai, 2011, Amph. E. Region Thailand: 145, detailed the range in Thailand. Oliver, Prendini, Kraus, and Raxworthy, 2015, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 90: 176–192, discussed phylogenetics and placed the species in a new genus. Haas, Kueh, Joseph, bin Asri, Das, Hagmann, Schwander, and Hertwig, 2018, Evol. Syst., 2: 89–114, provided a brief account of morphology and natural history for the Sabah population. See comments on morphology and natural history in West Malaysia by Chan, Muin, Anuar, Andam, Razak, and Aziz, 2019, Check List, 15: 1055–1069. Poyarkov, Nguyen, Popov, Geissler, Pawangkhanant, Neang, Suwannapoom, and Orlov, 2021, Russ. J. Herpetol., 28 (3A): 44, suggested that southern Thai populations, once adequately assayed genetically, may be Abavorana nazgul.

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