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Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
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Hylarana flavescens (Jerdon, 1853)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Ranidae > Genus: Hylarana > Species: Hylarana flavescens

Rana flavescens Jerdon, 1853, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 22: 531. Syntypes: ZSIC; reported as lost by Jerdon, 1870, Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1870: 67; syntypes are ZSIC 2776-78 according to Chanda, Das, and Dubois, 2001 "2000", Hamadryad, 25: 109, although Sclater, 1892, List Batr. Indian Mus.: 9, had ambiguously considered these only "typical of Rana flavescens". ZSIC 2777 designated lectotype by Biju, Garg, Mahony, Wijayathilaka, Senevirathne, and Meegaskumbura, 2014, Contr. Zool., Amsterdam, 83: 303. Type locality: "Found frequenting mountain streams in the forests only"; noted by : 303, as written in the ZSIC catalogue as "Malabar" (= northern districts of Kerala, India).

Hylorana flavescens — Jerdon, 1870, Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1870: 83.

Hylarana flavescens — Biju, Garg, Mahony, Wijayathilaka, Senevirathne, and Meegaskumbura, 2014, Contr. Zool., Amsterdam, 83: 303; Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 501, by implication.

Indosylvirana flavescens — Oliver, Prendini, Kraus, and Raxworthy, 2015, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 90: 190.

Hylarana (Indosylvirana) flavescens — Wu, Xu, Suwannapoom, Nguyen, Murphy, Papenfuss, Lathrop, Kilunda, Gao, Yuan, Chen, Zhang, Zhao, Wang, Rahman, Nneji, Zhao, Wang, Jin, Zhang, and Che, 2024 "2025", Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 108223: 1–11, by implication.

Common Names

Yellowish Golden-backed Frog (Biju, Garg, Mahony, Wijayathilaka, Senevirathne, and Meegaskumbura, 2014, Contr. Zool., Amsterdam, 83: 303; Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Deepak, and Kulkarni, 2023, Fauna India Checklist, vers. 5.0 : 10).

Distribution

Closed-canopy streams in the southern Western Ghats in the states of Kerala (districts of Wayanad and Palakkad) and Tamil Nadu (Nilgiris District), India.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: India

Endemic: India

Comment

The name Rana flavescens Jerdon, 1853, was considered a junior synonym of Rana kuhlii by Theobald, 1868, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 37: 80, subsequently considered a possible synonym of Rana temporalis by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 63. This tentative synonymy was continued by Boulenger, 1890, Fauna Brit. India, Rept. Batr.: 459; Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 159; and Chanda, Das, and Dubois, 2001 "2000", Hamadryad, 25: 109, although no author ever used this name as a senior synonym of Hylorana temporalis. Biju, Garg, Mahony, Wijayathilaka, Senevirathne, and Meegaskumbura, 2014, Contr. Zool., Amsterdam, 83: 303, recognized the species as distinct, placed it in their Hylarana flavescens group, and revised the species and its relatives. Raj, Vasudevan, Aggarwal, Dutta, Sahoo, Mahapatra, Sharma, Janani, Kar, and Dubois, 2023, Alytes, 39–40: 86–90, reported (as Hylarana flavescens) on larval morphology of genetically-confirmed specimens from Kerala, India.

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