Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Hylarana moluccana (Boettger, 1895)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Ranidae > Genus: Hylarana > Species: Hylarana moluccana

Rana moluccana Boettger, 1895, Zool. Anz., 18: 132. Syntypes: SMF (2 specimens); SMF 6562 incorrectly noted as holotype by Mertens, 1967, Senckenb. Biol., 48(A): 45. Type locality: "Halmaheira und Ternate", Moluccan Is., Indonesia; restricted to "Ternate, Molukken" by apparent lectotype designation.

Hylorana molluccana — Deckert, 1938, Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturforsch. Freunde Berlin, 1938: 144. Misspelling.

Rana papua moluccana — Mertens, 1967, Senckenb. Biol., 48(A): 45.

Rana (Hylarana) moluccana — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 42, by implication.

Rana (Papurana) moluccana — Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 326; Reilly, Arifin, Stubbs, Karin, Kaiser, Frederick, Arida, Iskandar, and McGuire, 2022, Zootaxa, 5150: 591.

Sylvirana moluccana — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 370.

Hylarana moluccana — Che, Pang, Zhao, Wu, Zhao, and Zhang, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 43: 3, by implication; Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 525, by implication.

Papurana moluccana — Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Herpetol. Sinica, 12: 34. See comment under Ranidae record.

Papurana moluccana — Oliver, Prendini, Kraus, and Raxworthy, 2015, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 90: 187.

Common Names

Moluccas Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 108).

Distribution

Halmahera, Moratai, and Bacan islands in the Moluccas, Indonesia.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Indonesia

Endemic: Indonesia

Comment

Prior to the revision of Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297, placed in the Section Hylarana, subsection Hydrophylax, subgenus Papurana of Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 326. Regarded as a junior synonym of Rana varians by Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 165 (on the basis of specimens identified by Barbour, 1912, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 44: 66), as a junior synonym of Rana papua by Van Kampen, 1923, Amph. Indo-Austral. Arch.: 201, and as a subspecies of Rana papua by Mertens, 1967, Senckenb. Biol., 48(A): 45, suggested that the syntypes likely represented different taxa. See account by Wiridarma, Amarasinghe, Farajallah, Widayati, Fouquet, Riyanto, Mulyadi, Trilaksono, Arida, and Hamidy, 2024, Herpetologica, 80: xxx, where phylogenetic placement, comparative adult morphology, and natural history were detailed. Oliver, Davie-Rieck, Ramdani, Dashper, Kusuma, Lee, Rittmeyer, Clancy, Hamidy, Thompson, Fouquet, Ferreira, and Richards, 2025, Pacific Conserv. Biol., 31(PC24063): 1–12, as part of a larger discussion of the role of citizen science in documenting species ranges in Melanesia noted that iNaturalist provided a record from Morotai I., Papua, Indonesia.

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