Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Pulchrana picturata (Boulenger, 1920)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Ranidae > Genus: Pulchrana > Species: Pulchrana picturata

Rana (Hylorana) picturata Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 179. Syntypes: BMNH (10 specimens); BMNH 1947.2.3.19 designated lectotype by Brown and Guttman, 2002, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 76: 427, who noted multiple species in the syntypic series. Type locality: "Bidi Caves, Sarawak", "Sarawak", "Kina Balu", and "Barabas, S.-E Borneo". Lectotype from "Mt. Kina Balu, Sabah", Malaysia (Borneo).

Rana picturata — Inger and Tan, 1996, Raffles Bull. Zool., 44: 564; Brown and Guttman, 2002, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 76: 426.

Pulchrana picturata — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 369; Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Herpetol. Sinica, 12: 33; Oliver, Prendini, Kraus, and Raxworthy, 2015, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 90: 191.

Hylarana picturata — Che, Pang, Zhao, Wu, Zhao, and Zhang, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 43: 1–13, by implication; Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 538, by implication.

English Names

Spotted Stream Frog (Das, Jankowski, Makmor, and Haas, 2007, Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst., 104: 159; Das, 2007, Amph. Rept. Brunei: 63; Grismer, 2012, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Seribuat Arch.: 74).

Distribution

Borneo (Brunei, Kalimantan, Sabah, and Sarawak).

Comment

Removed from the synonymy of Rana signata by Inger and Tan, 1996, Raffles Bull. Zool., 44: 564, where it had been placed by Van Kampen, 1923, Amph. Indo-Austral. Arch.: 226-227, and Inger, 1966, Fieldiana, Zool., 52: 233-234. See discussion and account by Brown and Guttman, 2002, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 76: 393-461 (who noted the possibility of this species [now Pulchrana sundabarat] being in Malaya). Malkmus, Manthey, Vogel, Hoffmann, and Kosuch, 2002, Amph. Rept. Mount Kinabalu: 166-168, provided an account. Das, Jankowski, Makmor, and Haas, 2007, Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst., 104: 159, provided a brief description. Das, 2007, Amph. Rept. Brunei: 63, provided a photograph and brief account, as Rana picturata. Conlon, Kolodziejek, Mechkarska, Coquet, Leprince, Jouenne, Vaudry, Nielsen, Nowotny, and King, 2014, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., Part D, 9: 49-57, suggested on molecular grounds that this species is closely related to Hylarana signata. Haas, Kueh, Joseph, bin Asri, Das, Hagmann, Schwander, and Hertwig, 2018, Evol. Syst., 2: 89–114, provided a brief account of morphology and natural history for the Sabah population. Literature from the Malay Peninsula of Thailand and Malaysia and Sumatra apply to Pulchrana sundabarat, named by Chan, Abraham, Grismer, and Brown, 2020, Raffles Bull. Zool., 68: 880–890, who discussed and justified the partition of nominal Pulchrana picturata. Chan, Hutter, Wood, Grismer, Das, and Brown, 2020, Mol. Ecol., 29: 3970–3987, described situations within this nominal species where gene flow and introgression among populations can make for overestimation of species.

External links:

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For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.