Kurixalus verrucosus (Boulenger, 1893)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Rhacophoridae > Subfamily: Rhacophorinae > Genus: Kurixalus > Species: Kurixalus verrucosus

Rhacophorus verrucosus Boulenger, 1893, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ser. 2, 13: 337. Syntypes: (3 specimens) BMNH and MSNG; BMNH specimen (1893.9.23.16 [reregistered 1947.2.8.91], by museum records) invalidly considered holotype by Boulenger, 1895 "1894", Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1894: 640–646; MSNG 29853 designated lectotype by Capocaccia, 1957, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ser. 3, 69: 216. Type locality: "Thao", Myanmar. 

Rhacophorus (Rhacophorus) verrucosus — Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 57, 122.

Rhacophorus (Rhacophorus) appendiculatus verrucosus — Wolf, 1936, Bull. Raffles Mus., 12: 162.

Aquixalus (Aquixalus) verrucosus — Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2005, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 74: 166.

Kurixalus verrucosus — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 245.

Kurixalus (Aquixalus) verrucosus — Poyarkov, Nguyen, Popov, Geissler, Pawangkhanant, Neang, Suwannapoom, and Orlov, 2021, Russ. J. Herpetol., 28 (3A): 56. 

Common Names

Boulenger's Bushfrog (Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 154).

Small Rough-armed Tree Frog (Nguyen, Ho, and Nguyen, 2005, Checklist Amph. Rept. Vietnam: 41).

Boulenger's Tree Frog (Niyomwan, Srisom, and Pawangkhanant, 2019, Field Guide Amph. Thailand: 406).

Warty Frilled Treefrog (Poyarkov, Nguyen, Popov, Geissler, Pawangkhanant, Neang, Suwannapoom, and Orlov, 2021, Russ. J. Herpetol., 28 (3A): 56). 

Small Frilled-limbed Treefrog (Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 41).

Distribution

Highlands of central and northern Vietnam, Laos, and Yunnan, Guizhou, Fujian, Hainan I., and Guangxi, China, through western and northern peninsular Thailand (Tak Province to Prachuap Khiri Khan Province) to northern Myanmar (Kachin and Kayah).

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: China, People's Republic of, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam

Comment

Removed from the synonymy of Rhacophorus appendiculatus by Inger, Orlov, and Darevsky, 1999, Fieldiana, Zool., N.S., 92: 39, where it had been placed by Wolf, 1936, Bull. Raffles Mus., 12: 162 (although this synonymy was accepted only provisionally by Inger, 1954, Fieldiana, Zool., 33: 374, and implicitly not accepted by Inger and Tan, 1996, Raffles Bull. Zool., 44: 567). Inger, Orlov, and Darevsky, 1999, Fieldiana, Zool., N.S., 92: 39–40, discussed confusion in the application of names (Rhacophorus cavirostris, Rhacophorus appendiculatus, Rhacophorus verrucosus, and Rhacophorus bisacculus) and suggested that record of Rhacophorus cavirostris from China and Vietnam actually represented this species or Rhacophorus bisacculus. Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 2: 678, suggested that at least some records of Rhacophorus or Philautus cavirostris from China applied to Kurixalus odontotarsus. Orlov, Murphy, Ananjeva, Ryabov, and Ho, 2002, Russ. J. Herpetol., 9: 98, also discussed the problem of identification in Vietnam. Considerable Chinese literature deals with this frog (or Kurixalus odontotarsus) under the name Rhacophorus cavirostris (e.g., Liu and Hu, 1961, Tailless Amph. China: 247–248, who regarded this as a species distinct from Rhacophorus buergeri microtympanum (= Philautus microtympanum), in which it was placed as a synonym by Wolf, 1936, Bull. Raffles Mus., 12: 137–217. See account of Vietnam population by Orlov, Lathrop, Murphy, and Ho, 2001, Russ. J. Herpetol., 8: 39–40. Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 154–155, provided a very brief account, map for Thailand, and photograph. Nguyen, Ho, and Nguyen, 2005, Checklist Amph. Rept. Vietnam: 41, provided specific localities for Vietnam. Orlov, Nguyen, and Ho, 2008, Russ. J. Herpetol., 15: 67–84, provided a photograph (as Rhacophorus verrucosus) and a key to differentiate this species from others in Vietnam. Wiens, Sukumaran, Pyron, and Brown, 2009, Evolution, 63: 1217–1231, corroborated the placement of this species in Kurixalus. Chan-ard, Cota, and Makchai, 2011, Amph. E. Region Thailand: 138, detailed the range in Thailand. Yu, Zhang, and Yang, 2010, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 56: 942–950, and Yu, Zhang, and Yang, 2013, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 47: 31–37, verified the distinctiveness of this species from Kurixalus bisacculus and Kurixalus odontotarsus. Yu, Rao, Matsui, and Yang, 2017, Sci. Rep. (Nature, London), 7 (16124): 1–13, noted that records of Kurixalus verrucosus from Xizang, China, are referable to Kurixalus naso. Niyomwan, Srisom, and Pawangkhanant, 2019, Field Guide Amph. Thailand: 406–407, provided a brief account (description, photographs, habitat, and range) for Thailand (in Thai). Makchai, Chuaynkern, Safoowong, Chuachat, and Cota, 2020, Amph. N. Thailand: 160, provided photographs, a brief account for Thailand, and a range map. Poyarkov, Nguyen, Popov, Geissler, Pawangkhanant, Neang, Suwannapoom, and Orlov, 2021, Russ. J. Herpetol., 28 (3A): 56, implied that this may be a species complex. Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 41, briefly discussed identification, habitat, and range in Myanmar. 

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