Nyctixalus pictus (Peters, 1871)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Rhacophoridae > Subfamily: Rhacophorinae > Genus: Nyctixalus > Species: Nyctixalus pictus

Common Names

Painted Indonesian Treefrog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 111).

Spotted Tree Froglet (Kiew, 1987, Malayan Nat. J., 41: 418).

Spotted Tree Frog (Leong and Crane, 2002, Herpetol. Rev., 33: 62).

White-spotted Brown Frog (Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 150).

White-spotted Treefrog (Grismer, 2012, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Seribuat Arch.: 59; Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 42).

Cinnamon Treefrog (Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 146).

Cinnamon Frog (Das, Jankowski, Makmor, and Haas, 2007, Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst., 104: 160).

Cinnamon Tree Frog (Niyomwan, Srisom, and Pawangkhanant, 2019, Field Guide Amph. Thailand: 412).

Distribution

Peninsular Myanmar (Taninthary Division) and peninsular Thailand (Yala), West Malaysia, and Philippines (Palawan) south to northern Borneo (Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia, Brunei, and northern Kalimantan, Indonesia), Bunguran I., Natuna Is., Indonesia, 50-100 m elevation; controversially to Vietnam (see comment noting that genetic confirmation of the range is badly needed).

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Malaysia, East (Sarawak and/or Sabah), Malaysia, West (Peninsular), Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand

Comment

See Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 4559 (as Philautus pictus); Taylor, 1962, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 43: 506–509 (as Hazelia picta) and Berry, 1975, Amph. Fauna Peninsular Malaysia: 94–95. See account of Bornean population (as Philautus pictus) by Inger, 1966, Fieldiana, Zool., 52: 349–352. Brown and Alcala, 1994, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 48: 187–188, provided an account. Biju, 2001, Occas. Publ. Indian Soc. Conserv. Biol., 1: 19, doubted records from Karnataka, India. Lim and Lim, 1992, Guide Amph. Rept. Singapore: 37, provided a brief account. See brief account and photo by Manthey and Grossmann, 1997, Amph. Rept. Südostasiens: 124–126. Orlov, Murphy, Ananjeva, Ryabov, and Ho, 2002, Russ. J. Herpetol., 9: 91, provided the Vietnam record but that the record is so far removed from the main range renders this record dubious. Malkmus, Manthey, Vogel, Hoffmann, and Kosuch, 2002, Amph. Rept. Mount Kinabalu: 176–177, provided an account.Pauwels, Sumontha, and Matsui, 2004, Herpetol. Rev., 35: 283, briefly discussed the range in Thailand and noted its proximity to Myanmar. Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 146–147, provided a very brief account, map for Thailand, and photograph. Nguyen, Ho, and Nguyen, 2005, Checklist Amph. Rept. Vietnam: 34, provided specific localities for Vietnam. Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 174, rejected a record for Karnataka, India. Das, Jankowski, Makmor, and Haas, 2007, Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst., 104: 161, provided a brief description. See statement of geographic range, habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 634. Das, 2007, Amph. Rept. Brunei: 69, provided a photograph and brief account. Grismer, Chan, Grismer, Wood, and Ahmad, 2010, Russ. J. Herpetol., 17: 147–160, reported localities from the Banjaran Bintang Mountains, northwestern peninsular Malaysia. See brief account by Grismer, 2012, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Seribuat Arch.: 59–60, for the Seribuat Archipelago, West Malaysia. Haas, Kueh, Joseph, bin Asri, Das, Hagmann, Schwander, and Hertwig, 2018, Evol. Syst., 2: 89–114, provided a brief account of morphology and natural history for the Sabah population. Mulcahy, Lee, Miller, Chand, Thura, and Zug, 2018, ZooKeys, 757: 95, provided a record from Taninthary Division, southern Myanmar. Niyomwan, Srisom, and Pawangkhanant, 2019, Field Guide Amph. Thailand: 412–413, provided a brief account (description, photographs, habitat, and range) for Thailand (in Thai). Gillespie, Ahmad, and Shia, 2021, Field Guide Frog Lower Kinabatangan Region Sabah: 39, provided a brief account, summarizing identification and life history in the Lower Kinabatangan Region, Sabah, Malaysia. Poyarkov, Nguyen, Popov, Geissler, Pawangkhanant, Neang, Suwannapoom, and Orlov, 2021, Russ. J. Herpetol., 28 (3A): 58, excluded Singapore from the range without comment and suggested that the Vietnam records required confirmation. Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 42, briefly discussed habitat, range, and identification in Myanmar. Haas, Das, Hertwig, Bublies, and Schulz-Schaeffer, 2022, Guide to the Tadpoles of Borneo: 361–363, summarized the knowledge of habitat, reproduction, larval morphology and coloration. Herlambang, Riyanto, Munir, Hamidy, Kimura, Eto, and Mumpuni, 2022, Treubia, 49: 78, reported the species from Bunguran I., Natuna Is., Indonesia. Ibnudarda, Kadafi, Priambodo, Farajallah, Perwitasari-Farajallah, and Hamidy, 2025, J. Trop. Biodiversity Biotechnol., 10 (jtbb13642): 1, formally removed Nyctixalus anodon from the synonymy of Nyctixalus pictus, on the basis of molecular phylogenetics but did not discuss the range of Nyctixalus anodon beyond "Sumatra" requiring that the range of both Nyctixalus anodon and Nyctixalus pictus be genetically confirmed. 

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