Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Batrachuperus tibetanus Schmidt, 1925

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Hynobiidae > Subfamily: Hynobiinae > Genus: Batrachuperus > Species: Batrachuperus tibetanus

Batrachuperus tibetanus Schmidt, 1925, Am. Mus. Novit., 157: 5. Holotype: AMNH 5900, by original designation. Type locality: "near Tibetan border of Kansu [= Gansu], southwest of Titao, 9000 feet altitude", at about latitude 33° N, in the In Hwang Ho drainage, Gansu, China.

Batrachuperus thibetina — Chang, 1936, Contr. Etude Morphol. Biol. Syst. Amph. Urodeles Chine: 78. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Batrachuperus (Batrachuperus) tibetanus — Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 58.

English Names

Chiala Mountain Salamander (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 28).

Tibetan Mountain Salamander (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 28).

Alpine Stream Salamander (Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 36).

Distribution

Southeastern Gansu, southern Shaanxi, northern Sichuan, and eastern Qinghai, China.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: China, People's Republic of

Endemic: China, People's Republic of

Comment

Closely related to Batrachuperus pinchonii, according to Schmidt, 1927, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 54: 544 (with which it was placed in synonymy by Chang, 1936, Contr. Etude Morphol. Biol. Syst. Amph. Urodeles Chine: 78). Removed from the synonymy of Batrachuperus pinchonii by Fei, Ye, and Tian, 1983, Acta Zootaxon. Sinica, 8: 212. See Zhao and Jiang, 1988, in Zhao et al. (eds.), Studies on Chinese Salamanders: 49. See accounts by Ye, Fei, and Hu, 1993, Rare and Economic Amph. China: 60, and by Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 36. Fu, Wang, Zeng, Liu, and Zheng, 2001, Copeia, 2001: 1100–1107, suggested on the basis of molecular evidence that nominal Batrachuperus tibetanus is composed of four species, three of which are undescribed (Hongya population, relatively close to Batrachuperus londongensis; Penxian population, relatively close to Batrachuperus pinchonii; and Zhedoushan population, relatively close to Batrachuperus karlschmidti). See accounts by Thorn and Raffaëlli, 2000, Salamand. Ancien Monde: 114–116, and Raffaëlli, 2007, Les Urodèles du Monde: 60–61. Fei and Ye, 2001, Color Handbook Amph. Sichuan: 92, provided a brief account and illustration. In the Batrachuperus thibetanus group of Fei, Ye, Huang, Jiang, and Xie, 2005, in Fei et al. (eds.), Illust. Key Chinese Amph.: 36, although they only addressed Chinese species. In the Batrachuperus tibetanus group of Fei, Ye, Huang, Jiang, and Xie, 2005, in Fei et al. (eds.), Illust. Key Chinese Amph.: 36, although they only addressed Chinese species. Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2006, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 1: 233–239, provided an account and noted misidentifications in the literature. See account of Batrachuperus taibaiensis. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 548. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 68–69, provided a brief account including photographs of specimens and habitat. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2012, Colored Atlas Chinese Amph. Distr.: 74–75, provided an account, photographs, and a map. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 77–78, provided a brief account, photo, and map. Fu and Zeng, 2008, Mol. Ecol., 17: 1469–1488, suggested that mtDNA data did not support the recognition of Batrachuperus taibaiensis from Batrachuperus tibetanus, but refrained from a taxonomic change pending evaluation of morphology. Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 45–48, reviewed the biology, characteristics, distribution, reproduction, and conservation of the species (as Batrachuperus taibaiensis and Batrachuperus tibetanus). Fei and Ye, 2016, Amph. China, 1: 249–251, provided an account, photographs, and range map and considered Batrachuperus taibaiensis synonymous with Batrachuperus tibetanus. See account by Yao and Gong, 2012, Amph. Rept. Gansu: 23–24, who provided a brief account and photograph. See Xiong, Luo, and Zeng, 2020, Zool. Res., Kunming, 41: 589–594, for a partial distribution map and discussion of relationships. Che, Jiang, Yan, and Zhang, 2020, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 57, noted that previous records of this species from Tibet are referable to Batrachuperus karlschmidti. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 58–60, provided a detailed account, covering systematics, life history, and distribution (including a polygon map).

External links:

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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist
For additional information specific to China see Amphibia China
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.