Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Pseudohynobius flavomaculatus (Hu and Fei, 1978)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Hynobiidae > Subfamily: Hynobiinae > Genus: Pseudohynobius > Species: Pseudohynobius flavomaculatus

Hynobius flavomaculatus Hu and Fei In Hu, Fei, and Ye, 1978, Mater. Herpetol. Res., 4: 20. Holotype: CIB 770041, by original designation. Type locality: "Hanchi, Lichuan County, Hubei, altitude 1845 m", China. Redescribed by Fei and Ye, 1982, Acta Zootaxon. Sinica, 7: 225, 228.

Ranodon flavomaculatus — Zhao and Hu, 1983, Acta Herpetol. Sinica, Chengdu, N.S.,, 2 (2): 29, 35, by implication; Kuzmin and Thiesmeier, 2001, Adv. Amph. Res. Former Soviet Union, 6: 107.

Pseudohynobius flavomaculatus — Fei and Yang, 1983, Amph. Res., Kunming, 2: 1; Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 32; Fei, Ye, Huang, Jiang, and Xie, 2005, in Fei et al. (eds.), Illust. Key Chinese Amph.: 33; Zhang, Chen, Zhou, Liu, Wang, Papenfuss, Wake, and Qu, 2006, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103: 7361.

Ranodon (Pseudohynobius) flavomaculatus — Kuzmin, 1999, Amph. Former Soviet Union: 116.

Pseudohynobius (Pseudohynobius) flavomaculatus — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2012, Alytes, 28: 77–161.

Common Names

Yellow-spotted Salamander (Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 32; Kuzmin and Thiesmeier, 2001, Adv. Amph. Res. Former Soviet Union, 6: 107).

Lichuan Salamander (Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 64).

Distribution

Western Hubei (Lichuan) to northwestern Hunan (Sangzhi), China, 1100–1900 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: China, People's Republic of

Endemic: China, People's Republic of

Comment

Controversially considered distinct from Ranodon tsinpaensis (now Liuia tsinpaensis), with which it has been considered synonymous by Zhao and Hu, 1983, Acta Herpetol. Sinica, Chengdu, N.S.,, 2 (2): 33; Xu, 2002, Acta Scient. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni, 41: 79-81. See account of Pseudohynobius flavomaculatus by Ye, Fei, and Hu, 1993, Rare and Economic Amph. China 43, 46, who removed it from the synonymy of Pseudohynobius tsinpaensis, where it had been placed by Zhao and Hu, 1983, Acta Herpetol. Sinica, Chengdu, N.S.,, 2 (2): 33; Zhao, 1990, in Zhao (ed.), From Water onto Land: 220. Zhao and Wu, 1995, Sichuan J. Zool., 14: 23-24, and Xu, 2001, Sichuan J. Zool., 20: 177-180, presented evidence for the synonymy with Hynobius tsinpanensis, but Kuzmin and Thiesmeier, 2001, Adv. Amph. Res. Former Soviet Union, 6: 107-112, summarized evidence for their karyotypic and morphological distinctiveness, and Li, Wu, and Wang, 2004, Acta Zool. Sinica, 50: 464-469, provided evidence from mtDNA of these species being distinctive. Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2006, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 1: 188-193, and Raffaëlli, 2007, Les Urodèles du Monde: 63, provided accounts. See illustration, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 553. See comment under Pseudohynobius jinfo. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 52-53, provided a brief account including photographs of specimens and habitat. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2012, Colored Atlas Chinese Amph. Distr.: 54–55, provided an account, photographs, and map. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 81 , provided a brief account, photo, and map. Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 132–133, reviewed the biology, characteristics, distribution, reproduction, and conservation of the species. Fei and Ye, 2016, Amph. China, 1: 215–217, provided an account, photographs, and range map.. Shen, 2014, Fauna Hunan, Amph.: 32–36, provided an account. Zhang, Wang, Cheng, Luo, Li, Liu, Chen, and Shen, 2022, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 98: 263–274, reported on the complete mtDNA genome and concluded that Pseudohynobius flavomaculatus is the sister taxon of Pseudohynobius jinfo. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 64, provided an account, covering systematics, life history, and distribution (including a polygon map). Zhang, Wang, Cheng, Luo, Li, Liu, Chen, and Shen, 2022, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 98: 263–274, discussed mtDNA characteristics and phylogenetic placement.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For additional information specific to China see Amphibia China