Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Thorius pennatulus Cope, 1869

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Plethodontidae > Subfamily: Hemidactyliinae > Genus: Thorius > Species: Thorius pennatulus

Thorius pennatulus Cope, 1869, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 21: 111. Syntypes: Originally USNM 6341 (7 specimens), now lost; USNM 111017 designated neotype by Taylor, 1941, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 27: 107; Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 348, regarded ANSP 1269 as a surviving syntype, casting the neotype designation in dougt. Type locality: "Orizava, Mexico"; probably near the city of Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico, according to Taylor and Smith, 1945, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus., 95: 534; Taylor, 1940 "1939", Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 26: 414. Placed on Official List of Specific Names in Zoology by Opinion 1605, Anonymous, 1990, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 47: 168.

Thorius pennatribus Anonymous, 1869, Am. Nat., 3: 222. (Author was evidently Cope.) Types not stated; ANSP 1269 regarded as a 'cotype' by Fowler and Dunn, 1917, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 69: 21. Type locality not stated. Given as "Orizaba, Mexico" by Fowler and Dunn, 1917, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 69: 21. This anonymous publication (actually Cope, according to Cope, 1869, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 21: 111) cited in 'formal' subsequent description under different name. Suppressed for purposes of Priority but not for Homonymy by Opinion 1605, Anonymous, 1990, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 47: 168.

Spelerpes minimus Wiedersheim, 1877, Morphol. Jahrb., 3: 544. Syntypes: Not stated or known to exist. Type locality: Not stated; given as "Veracruz", Mexico, by Brame and Gorham, 1972, Checklist Living & Fossil Salamand. World (Unpubl. MS): 302. Tentative synonymy by Dunn, 1926, Salamanders Fam. Plethodontidae: 374.

Thorius pinnatulus — Sumichrast, 1882, Naturaleza, Ser. 2, 1: 79. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Thorius pennatribus — Fowler and Dunn, 1917, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 69: 21.

Oedipus pennatulus — Dunn, 1922, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 35: 5.

Thorius pennatulus — Taylor, 1941, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 27: 107; Hanken and Wake, 1998, Copeia, 1998: 312-345.

Thorius pennatulus pennatulus — Shannon and Werler, 1955, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 58: 364.

Common Names

Veracruz Pigmy Salamander (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 34; Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 37).

Veracruz Minute Salamander (Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 812).

Volcan Orizaba Pigmy Salamander (Thorius pennatulus pennatulus: Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 15).

Distribution

Known from low mountains in central-western Veracruz, Mexico, 800–2000 m elevation, from Soledad Atzompa in the south and west east to Cerro Chicahuaxtla, north to Teocelo.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Mexico

Endemic: Mexico

Comment

See account by Hanken and Wake, 1998, Copeia, 1998: 312–345. See map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 597. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 296, provided a brief account, photograph, and map. See account by Cázares-Hernández, Molohua Tzitzihua, Méndez Quiahua, Quiahua Colotl, Temoxtle Marquez, Rodriguez Merino, and Apale Pacheco, 2018, Tlaconetes: 1–92, for photos, habitat, life history, and conservation status. Contreras-Calvario, Castillo Juárez, Avalos Vela, Cerón de la Luz, and Mora-Reyes, 2019, Rev. Latinoam. Herpetol., 2: 64–70, provided additional localities in Veracruz, Mexico. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 812–813, provided an account summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map). Tighe, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 654: 61, briefly discussed the location of paratypes of Thorius pennatulus.

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For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
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For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
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