Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Plethodon variolatus (Gilliams, 1818)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Plethodontidae > Subfamily: Plethodontinae > Genus: Plethodon > Species: Plethodon variolatus

Salamandra variolata Gilliams, 1818, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1: 460. Type(s): "Cabinet of the Academy" (ANSP); not currently known to exist, although ANSP specimens noted by Harlan, 1827, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 5: 334; USNM 167104 designated neotype by Highton In Highton, Maha, and Maxson, 1989, Illinois Biol. Monogr., 57: 60. Type locality: "Inhabits the southern states . . . . This species occur not unfrequently, in small streams of water . . . . not seen so far north as Maryland . . . . I am indebted for these specimens to the Florida Party"; restricted by Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 34, to vicinity of Charleston, South Carolina [USA], but Neill, 1957, Copeia, 1957: 141, disputed this restriction noting that the restricted type locality is within the range of Plethodon chlorobyronis. Fouquette and Dubois, 2014, Checklist N.A. Amph. Rept.: 218, regarded the restriction of the type locality as invalid by reason of not being based on explicit evidence. Neotype is from "locality 27 [33° 08′ 00″ N, 79° 47′ 06″ W]. . . , at an elevation of 6 m, Beechtree Recreation Area, Berkeley County, South Carolina", USA.

Plethodon variolatus —Highton In Highton, Maha, and Maxson, 1989, Illinois Biol. Monogr., 57: 59-60.

Plethodon (Plethodon) variolatus — Vieites, Nieto-Roman, Wake, and Wake, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 59: 632, by implication.

Common Names

Variolated Salamander (Gray, 1831, in Cuvier, Animal Kingdom (Griffith), 9—Appendix: 107).

South Carolina Coastal Slimy Salamander (Highton In Highton, Maha, and Maxson, 1989, Illinois Biol. Monogr., 57: 59).

South Carolina Slimy Salamander (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 33; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 9; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 29; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 21; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 14; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 30; Highton, Bonett, and Jockusch, 2017, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 43: 32).

Distribution

Southern Coastal Plain physiographic province of South Carolina and extreme eastern Georgia, USA.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: United States of America, United States of America - Georgia, United States of America - South Carolina

Endemic: United States of America

Comment

In the Plethodon glutinosus complex, according to the original publication. Removed from the synonymy of Plethodon glutinosus, by Highton IN Highton, Maha, and Maxson, 1989, Illinois Biol. Monogr., 57: 59–60, where it had been placed by Baird, 1850 "1849", J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 1: 284, and Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854, Erp. Gen., 9: 80. Petranka, 1998, Salamand. U.S. Canada: 355, rejected the distinction from Plethodon glutinosus on the basis of overall similarity. Beamer and Lannoo, 2005, in Lannoo (ed.), Amph. Declines: 847–848, provided a detailed account that summarized the biology and conservation literature. Wiens, Engstrom, and Chippindale, 2006, Evolution, 60: 2585–2603, suggested the possibility that Plethodon chlorobryonis and Plethodon variolatus are conspecific; Highton, Hastings, Palmer, Watts, Hass, Culver, and Arnold, 2012, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 63: 278–290, discussed the evidence for this and rejected the hypothesis. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 398, provided a brief account, photograph, and range map. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 917–918, provided an account summarizing systematics, morphology, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map).

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.