Plethodontinae Gray, 1850

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Plethodontidae > Subfamily: Plethodontinae
116 species

Plethodontidae Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 31. Type genus: Plethodon Tschudi, 1838.

Plethodontina — Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 38. 

Desmognathina Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 40. Type genus: Desmognathus Baird, 1850. Synonymy with Plethodontinae by Chippindale, Bonett, Baldwin, and Wiens, 2004, Evolution, 58: 2809–2822.

Ensatinina Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 48. Type genus: Ensatina Gray, 1850.

Plethodontae — Cope, 1859, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 11: 124. Implied tribe.

Desmognathidae — Cope, 1866, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 6: 103. Type genus: Desmognathus Baird, 1850.

Plethodontinae — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 1; Wolterstorff, 1901, Feuille Jeunes Nat., Ser. 4, 31: 77.

Desmognathinae — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 1; Hay, 1892, Annu. Rep. Dept. Geol. Nat. Res. Indiana for 1891: 439.

Plethodontida — Knauer, 1878, Naturgesch. Lurche: 97.

Plethodontina — Schulze, 1891, Jahresber. Abhandl. Naturwiss. Ver. Magdeburg, 1890: 169.

Plethodontini — Wake, 1966, Mem. S. California Acad. Sci., 4: 51; Dubois, 2005, Alytes, 23: 20; Vieites, Nieto-Roman, Wake, and Wake, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 59: 633.

Desmognathini — Dubois, 2005, Alytes, 23: 20; Vieites, Nieto-Roman, Wake, and Wake, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 59: 633.

Aneidini Dubois, 2008, Zootaxa, 1771: 72. Nomen nudum. 

Aneiditoi Dubois, 2008, Zootaxa, 1771: 72. Nomen nudum. 

Aneidini Vieites, Nieto-Roman, Wake, and Wake, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 59: 633. Type genus: Aneides Baird, 1851. Nomen nudum.

Ensatinini — Vieites, Nieto-Roman, Wake, and Wake, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 59: 633. Type genus: Ensatina Gray, 1850.

Hydromantini Vieites, Nieto-Roman, Wake, and Wake, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 59: 633. Type genus: Hydromantes Gistel, 1843. Nomen nudum.

Aneidini Wake, 2012, Zootaxa, 3484: 75. Type genus: Aneides Baird, 1851.

Hydromantini Wake, 2012, Zootaxa, 3484: 80. Type genus: Hydromantes Gistel, 1843.

Aneidini Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2012, Alytes, 28: 117. Type genus: Aneides Baird, 1851. Junior synonym of Aneidini Wake, 2012, by Dubois, 2012, Zootaxa, 3563: 65.

Hydromantina Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2012, Alytes, 28: 115. Type genus: Hydromantes Gistel, 1843, by original designation. Synonymy with Hydromantini Wake, 2012, by Dubois, 2012, Zootaxa, 3563: 66.

Karseniini Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2012, Alytes, 28: 77–161. Type genus: Karsenia Min, Yang, Bonett, Vieites, Brandon, and Wake, 2005. Explicit tribe.

Karseniina — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2012, Alytes, 28: 77–161. Explicit subtribe.

Desmognathina — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 286.

Aneidinia — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 286. Infratribe. 

Desmognathinia — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 286. Infratribe. 

Ensatinina — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 287. Subtribe. 

Plethodontina — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 287. Subtribe. 

English Names

None noted.

Distribution

USA and southern Canada; Mediterranean Europe; Korean Peninsula.

Geographics occurrence

Natural resident: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Korea, Republic of (South), Mexico, United States of America, United States of America - Alabama, United States of America - Arizona, United States of America - Arkansas, United States of America - California, United States of America - Connecticut, United States of America - Delaware, United States of America - District of Columbia, United States of America - Florida, United States of America - Georgia, United States of America - Idaho, United States of America - Illinois, United States of America - Indiana, United States of America - Kansas, United States of America - Kentucky, United States of America - Louisiana, United States of America - Maine, United States of America - Maryland, United States of America - Massachusetts, United States of America - Michigan, United States of America - Minnesota, United States of America - Mississippi, United States of America - Missouri, United States of America - Montana, United States of America - New Hampshire, United States of America - New Jersey, United States of America - New Mexico, United States of America - New York, United States of America - North Carolina, United States of America - Ohio, United States of America - Oklahoma, United States of America - Oregon, United States of America - Pennsylvania, United States of America - Rhode Island, United States of America - South Carolina, United States of America - Tennessee, United States of America - Texas, United States of America - Vermont, United States of America - Virginia, United States of America - Washington, United States of America - West Virginia, United States of America - Wisconsin

Comment

See nomenclatural comments on family-group names by Dubois, 1987 "1985", Alytes, 4: 155–156. See Plethodontidae record for access to relevant phylogenetic/taxonomic literature bearing on the recognition of this taxon. Titus and Larson, 1996, Syst. Biol., 45: 451–472, discussed phylogeny and character evolution within Desmognathus and Phaeognathus, as did Rissler and Taylor, 2003, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 27: 197–211. Sever, 1990, Trans. Am. Microscop. Soc., 109: 193–204, discussed cloacal anatomy. Vieites, Min, and Wake, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104: 19903–19907, on the basis of nuDNA discussed the phylogenetics of this taxon. Wake, 2012, Zootaxa, 3484: 75–82, recognized a system of 5 tribes (Hydromantini [Hydromantes, Karsenia], Ensatinini [Ensatina], Aneidini [Aneides], Plethodontini [Plethodon] and Desmognathini [Phaeognathus and Desmognathus]) within the subfamily. The results of Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 551, cast some doubt on the association of Karsenia with Hydromantes, being found in that tree in a polytomy with Desmognathini and Aneidini. Dubois, 2005, Alytes, 23: 20, provided an alternative tribal taxonomy within Plethodontinae: Desmognathini (including Aneidini, Desmognathini, and Hydromantini of Wake, 2012) and Plethodontini (Plethodontini of Wake, 2012) that is also logically consistent with the currently received understanding of phylogeny. 

Contained taxa (116 sp.):

Aneides Baird, 1851 (10 sp.)
Desmognathus Baird, 1850 (32 sp.)
Ensatina Gray, 1850 (1 sp.)
Hydromantes Gistel, 1848 (5 sp.)
Karsenia Min, Yang, Bonett, Vieites, Brandon, and Wake, 2005 (1 sp.)
Phaeognathus Highton, 1961 (1 sp.)
Plethodon Tschudi, 1838 (58 sp.)
Speleomantes Dubois, 1984 (8 sp.)

External links:

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.