Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Speleomantes genei (Temminck and Schlegel, 1838)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Plethodontidae > Subfamily: Plethodontinae > Genus: Speleomantes > Species: Speleomantes genei

Salamandra genei Temminck and Schlegel, 1838, Fauna Japonica, 3: 115. Syntype(s): RMNH; RMNH 2296A designated lectotype by Hoogmoed, 1978, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 53: 103. IZUG unnumbered designated neotype apparently in error by Stefani, 1969 "1968", Arch. Zool. Ital. Torino, 53: 218. Type locality: Sardinia; restricted by Mertens and Müller, 1928, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 41: 15, to " Berge bei Iglesias [= Mountains near Iglesias], Sardinien", Italy. Invalid neotype from "Corongiu e' mari (Iglesias)", Sardinia, Italy, corresponding to the restricted type locality (by Stefani, 1969 "1968", Arch. Zool. Ital. Torino, 53: 218) of "Monti presso Iglesias (Sardegna sud-occidentale)", Italy.

Geotriton genei — Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 94.

Atylodes genei — Gistel, 1868, Die Lurche Europas: 158.

Hydromantes genei — Dunn, 1923, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 8: 40.

Hydromantes genei genei — Wolterstorff, 1925, Abh. Ber. Mus. Nat. Heimatkd. Magdeburg, 4: 309.

Hydromantes genei — Lanza and Vanni, 1981, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 15: 117-121. Lanza, Caputo, Nascetti, and Bullini, 1995, Monogr. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. Torino, 16: 10.

Hydromantoides (Speleomantes) genei — Dubois, 1984, Alytes, 3: 109.

Speleomantes genei — Lanza, 1986, in Camard et al. (eds.), Ambiente Nat. Sardegna: 311. Lanza, 1999, in Grossenbacher and Thiesmeier (eds.), Handbuch Rept. Amph. Eur., 4(1): 145; Thorn and Raffaëlli, 2000, Salamand. Ancien Monde: 377; Vieites, Min, and Wake, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104: 19904.

Hydromantes (Atylodes) genei — Wake, Salvador, and Alonso-Zarazaga, 2005, Amphibia-Reptilia, 26: 543-548. van der Meijden, Chiari, Mucedda, Carranza, Corti, and Veith, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 51: 401.

Atylodes genei — Vieites, Min, and Wake, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104: 19904. See also electronic supplemental data with this paper. This taxonomic position rejected by Vieites, Nieto-Roman, Wake, and Wake, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 59623-635.

Speleomantes (Atylodes) ambrosii — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2012, Alytes, 28: 77-161.

Common Names

Brown Cave Salamander (Hellmich, 1962, Rept. Amph. Eur.: 53; Bruno, 1973, Natura, Milano, 64: 399; Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 27)

Sardinian Cave Salamander (Steward, 1969, Tailed Amph. Eur.: 40;Arnold and Burton, 1978, Field Guide Rept. Amph. Brit. Eur.: 54; Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 27; Stumpel-Rienks, 1992, Ergänzungsband Handbuch Rept. Amph. Eur., Trivialnamen der Herpetofauna Eur.: 63).

Gene's Cave Salamander (Lanza, Caputo, Nascetti, and Bullini, 1995, Monogr. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. Torino, 16: 10; Lanza, 1997, in Gasc et al. (eds.), Atlas Amph. Rept. Eur.: 42; Arnold, 2002, Rept. Amph. Eur., Ed. 2: 52).

Sardinia Salamander (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 34).

Distribution

Southwestern Sardinia (Province of Cagliari, Italy) in the territory known as Sulcis-Iglesiente, 8–650 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Italy

Endemic: Italy

Comment

Most literature has his species as Hydromantes genei or Speleomantes genei. See Lanza and Vanni, 1981, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 15: 117-121, and Lanza, 1997, in Gasc et al. (eds.), Atlas Amph. Rept. Eur.: 42-43 (who noted that a likely undescribed species was masquerading under this name, ). Thorn and Raffaëlli, 2000, Salamand. Ancien Monde: 377, provided an account. Nöllert and Nöllert, 1992, Die Amph. Eur.: 238, provided a brief account and polygon map.Lanza, 1999, in Grossenbacher and Thiesmeier (eds.), Handbuch Rept. Amph. Eur., 4(1): 145-153, provided an extensive review of biology. Arnold, 2002, Rept. Amph. Eur., Ed. 2: 52, provided a brief account, figure, and map, as did Obst IN Engelmann, Fritzsche, Günther, and Obst, 1993, Lurche Kriechtiere Eur.: 105-107. Lanza, Pastorelli, Laghi, and Cimmaruta, 2006 "2005", Atti Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Trieste, 52 (Suppl.): 5-135, provided a review. Carranza, Romano, Arnold, and Sotgiu, 2008, J. Biogeograph., 35: 724, noted that on the basis of molecular data, two geographically distinct lineages are recognizable in Sardinia, possibly reflecting species. This division was corroborated by van der Meijden, Chiari, Mucedda, Carranza, Corti, and Veith, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 51: 399-404. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status (as Speleomantes genei) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 592. See detailed account (as Speleomantes genei) by Lanza, Pastorelli, Laghi, and Cimmaruta, 2007, in Lanza et al. (eds.), Fauna d'Italia, 42 (Amph.): 164-167. Staniszewski, 2011, Salamand. Newts Eur., N. Afr., W. Asia: 22-23, provided photographs of living specimens and habitat as well as a range map. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 441, provided a brief account, photograph, and range map as well as discussing the possible cryptic species within this taxon. Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 148–150, reviewed the biology, characteristics, distribution, reproduction, and conservation of the species. Speybroeck, Beukema, Bok, and Van Der Voort, 2016, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Brit. Eur.: 108–109, provided a brief account and distribution map. See Dufresnes, 2019, Amph. Eur., N. Afr., & Middle East: 187, for brief summary of identifying morphology and biology, a range map, as well as a photograph. Corti, Biaggini, Nulchis, Cogoni, Cossu, Frau, Mulargia, Lunghi, and Bassu, 2022, Acta Herpetol., Firenze, 17: 125–133, reported on the range in Sardinia. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 1031–1033, provided an account summarizing systematics, morphology, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map).

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For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.