Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Proteus xanthostictus (Freyer. 1847)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Proteidae > Genus: Proteus > Species: Proteus xanthostictus

Hypochthon xanthostictus Freyer, 1847, Allg. Deutsche Naturhist. Zeitung, 2: 38–43. Holotype: specimen figured in the original publication, lost. Type locality: Bedén ponor, near Laze in the Planinsko polje, Slovenia.

Hypochthon chrysostictus Freyer, 1849, Ber. Mitt.Freunden Naturw. Wien, 5: 56-58. Explicit replacement name for Hypochthon xanthostictus so therefore an objective synonymy by Dufresnes, Monod-Broca, Jelić, Šunje, Manenti, Barzaghi, Zimić, Chouchane, Denoël, Ohler, and Jablonski, 2026, Amphibia-Reptilia, Published online ahead of print: 32.

Hypochthon Haidingeri Fitzinger, 1850, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Phys. Math. Naturwiss. Kl., 5: 300. Syntypes: Not stated although clearly NHMW; NHMW 19963 (7 specimens), according to Häupl, Tiedemann, and Grillitsch, 1994, Kat. Wiss. Samml. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 9: 13, and Gemel, Gassner, and Schweiger, 2019, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, Ser. B, 121: 40. 40 syntypes examined by Fitzinger according to Dufresnes, Monod-Broca, Jelić, Šunje, Manenti, Barzaghi, Zimić, Chouchane, Denoël, Ohler, and Jablonski, 2026, Amphibia-Reptilia, Published online ahead of print: 29. Type locality: "Kleinhäusler-Grotte", Slovenia. Validity doubted by implication of Schreiber, 1875, Herpetol. Eur.: 13–14. Synonymy with Proteus anguinus by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 85. Validity doubted by implication of Schreiber, 1875, Herpetol. Eur.: 13–14. Synonymy with Proteus xanthostictus by Dufresnes, Monod-Broca, Jelić, Šunje, Manenti, Barzaghi, Zimić, Chouchane, Denoël, Ohler, and Jablonski, 2026, Amphibia-Reptilia, Published online ahead of print: 25.

Proteus xanthostictus — Cope, 1866, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 6: 103; Dufresnes, Monod-Broca, Jelić, Šunje, Manenti, Barzaghi, Zimić, Chouchane, Denoël, Ohler, and Jablonski, 2026, Amphibia-Reptilia, Published online ahead of print: 32.

Proteus haidingeri — Trontelj, Gorički, Konstanjšek, Zakšek, Delić, Bressi, Mauri, Lukić Bilela, Jalžić, and Recknagel, 2026, Nat. Sloveniae, 28: 12.

Common Names

Ljubljanica’s Olm (Dufresnes, Monod-Broca, Jelić, Šunje, Manenti, Barzaghi, Zimić, Chouchane, Denoël, Ohler, and Jablonski, 2026, Amphibia-Reptilia, Published online ahead of print: 29).

Ljubljaniški Močeril (Slovenian: Dufresnes, Monod-Broca, Jelić, Šunje, Manenti, Barzaghi, Zimić, Chouchane, Denoël, Ohler, and Jablonski, 2026, Amphibia-Reptilia, Published online ahead of print: 29).

Distribution

Distributed across the Ljubljanica karst of southwestern and southcentral Slovenia, from the upper Pivka and Lož-Cerknica basins through the Postojna-Planina cave system and Planinsko polje to the Ljubljanica springs near Vrhnika.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Slovenia

Endemic: Slovenia

Comment

The Ljubljanica lineage of Dufresnes, Monod-Broca, Jelić, Šunje, Manenti, Barzaghi, Zimić, Chouchane, Denoël, Ohler, and Jablonski, 2026, Amphibia-Reptilia, Published online ahead of print: 32, where comparative morphology, morphometrics, molecular markers (mt- and nuDNA), a dot map of the distribution, habitat, and conservation status were provided. Removed from the synonymy of Proteus anguinus in the original publication, where it had been placed by Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 65, and Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 85. Validity had been doubted by implication of Schreiber, 1875, Herpetol. Eur.: 13–14.

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