Lyciasalamandra billae (Franzen and Klewen, 1987)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Salamandridae > Subfamily: Salamandrinae > Genus: Lyciasalamandra > Species: Lyciasalamandra billae

Mertensiella luschani billae Franzen and Klewen, 1987, Salamandra, 23: 133. Holotype: ZFMK 45766, by original designation. Type locality: "seewärts gerichteter Hang des Beydaglari circa 25 km südwestlich von Antalya" (= coastal slope of the Bay Mountains, 25 km southwest of Antalya), southern Turkey. Type locality discussed and corrected to "southern slope of the Kale Tepe, 1.5 km west of Siçan Island", Turk by Veith, Baran, Godmann, Kiefer, Öz, and Tunç, 2001, Zool. Middle East, 22: 70.

Lyciasalamandra billaeVeith and Steinfartz, 2004, Salamandra, 40: 76.

Lyciasalamandra irfani Göçmen, Arikan, and Yalçinkaya, 2011, North-West. J. Zool., Romania, 7: 153. Holotype: ZMHRU 2011/121:3, by original designation. Type locality: "Göynuk Canyon, Kemer, Antalya - Turkey. 280 m. a.s.l.". Synonymy by Veith, Göçmen, Sotiropoulos, Kieren, Godmann, and Steinfartz, 2016, Amphibia-Reptilia, 37: 373. 

Lyciasalamandra yehudahi Göçmen and Akman, 2012, North-West. J. Zool., Romania, 8: 187. Holotype: ZMHRU 2011/134:5, by original designation. Type locality: "The eastern slope of Tahtal Mt., Teleferic road 4th km, Kemer, Antalya - Turkey. 238 m. a.s.l." Synonymy by Veith, Göçmen, Sotiropoulos, Kieren, Godmann, and Steinfartz, 2016, Amphibia-Reptilia, 37: 373. 

Lyciasalamandra arikani Göçmen and Akman, 2012, North-West. J. Zool., Romania, 8: 183. Holotype: ZMHRU 2011/122:4, by original designation. Type locality: "eastern slope of Tahtal Mt., 4th Km Kumluca, Antalya - Turkey. 610 m. a.s.l." Synonymy by Veith, Göçmen, Sotiropoulos, Kieren, Godmann, and Steinfartz, 2016, Amphibia-Reptilia, 37: 373. 

Lyciasalamandra billae billae —  Godmann, Kariş, and Göçmen, 2016, Zool. Middle East, 62: 257. 

Lyciasalamandra billae eikeae Godmann, Kariş, and Göçmen, 2016, Zool. Middle East, 62: 257. Holotype: ZMADYU 2014/130-1, by original designation. Type locality: "from Geyikbayırı  I (Ketelle Mevkii), Konyaaltı , Antalya province, Turkey, 985 m a.s.l., (36° 52’ N, 30° 26’ E)." Zoobank publication registration: 8F541E98-61F3-4EDD-A432-614B0A250711

Lyciasalamandra billae yehudahi — Veith, Göçmen, Sotiropoulos, Kieren, Godmann, and Steinfartz, 2016, Amphibia-Reptilia, 37: 373. 

Lyciasalamandra billae arikani —  Veith, Göçmen, Sotiropoulos, Kieren, Godmann, and Steinfartz, 2016, Amphibia-Reptilia, 37: 373. 

Lyciasalamandra billae irfani —  Veith, Göçmen, Sotiropoulos, Kieren, Godmann, and Steinfartz, 2016, Amphibia-Reptilia, 37: 373. 

English Names

Bille's Salamander (Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 244).

Bay Lycian Salamander (Dufresnes, 2019, Amph. Eur., N. Afr., & Middle East: 175). 

Bille's Salamander (Salamandra billae billaeRaffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 245).

Irfan's Salamander (Salamandra billae irfaniRaffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 246).

Yehudah's Salamander (Salamandra billae yehudaiRaffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 248).

Arikan's Salamander (Salamandra billae arikaniRaffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 249).

Elke's Salamander (Salamandra billae eikeaeRaffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 250).

Distribution

Antalya Province, Turkey, 0–782 m elevation. 

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Turkey

Endemic: Turkey

Comment

See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 602. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 212, provided brief accounts (as Lyciasalamandra billae (p. 212, Lyciasalamandra arikani (p. 213), Lyciasalamandra irfani (p. 213), and Lyciasalamandra yehudai (p. 214), photograph, and map. Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 244–245, reviewed the biology, characteristics, distribution, reproduction, and conservation of the species. Godmann, Kariş, and Göçmen, 2016, Zool. Middle East, 62: 255–260, named a new subspecies and discussed geographic variation.  Veith, Göçmen, Sotiropoulos, Kieren, Godmann, and Steinfartz, 2016, Amphibia-Reptilia, 37: 373–387, revised the species and recognized four subspecies formerly regarded as species: Lyciasalamandra billae billae (eastern slope of the Caricinar Daglari, southwest of Antalya, 0-200 m elevation, and within 5 km to the west of Geyikbayırıı , 800–1100 m elevation, all in Antalya province, Turkey); Lyciasalamandra billae arikani (mountainous areas between Beycik and Kumlucayaz, between 425 and 782 m elevation, Antalya, Turkey); Lyciasalamandra billae irfani (vicinity of the type locality, Göynuk Canyon, Kemer, Antalya, Turkey, ca. 280 m elevation), and Lyciasalamandra billae yehudai (eastern and northwestern slopes of Tahtal Mountain, Kemer region, Antalya, Turkey). See Dufresnes, 2019, Amph. Eur., N. Afr., & Middle East: 175, for brief summary of identifying morphology and biology, a range map, as well as a photograph (see p. 211 for photographs and map of subspecies). Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 245–250, provided subspecies accounts, summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map). 

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