Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Salamandrininae Fitzinger, 1843

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Salamandridae > Subfamily: Salamandrininae

2 species

Salamandrinae Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 33. Type genus: Salamandrina Fitzinger, 1826.

Seiranotina Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 29. Type genus: Seiranota Barnes, 1826 (= Salamandrina Fitzinger, 1826). Synonymy with Pleurodelidae by Cope, 1875, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 1: 11. Synonymy with Salamandridae by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 2.

Seiranotidae — Hallowell, 1856, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 8: 10.

Salamandrininae Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 64.

Common Names

None noted.

Distribution

Mountains of Italy from near Genoa to Calabria.

Comment

Weisrock, Papenfuss, Macey, Litvinchuk, Polymeni, Uğurtaş, Zhao, Jowkar, and Larson, 2006, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 41: 855-857, found Salamandrina to be near-basal, either the sister taxon to Pleurodelinae or Salamandrinae, and they discussed evidentiary ambiguities. Zhang, Papenfuss, Wake, Qu, and Wake, 2008, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 49: 586-597, resolved the placement and regarding Salamandrina as the sister taxon of Pleurodelinae + Salamandrinae, although without recognizing these taxa formally. Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 64, recognized it as the subfamily Salamandrininae, the sister taxon of an unnamed taxon composed of Salamandrinae + Pleurodelinae. Rancilhac, Irisarri, Angelini, Arntzen, Babik, Bossuyt, Künzel, Lüddecke, Pasmans, Sanchez, Weisrock, Veith, Wielstra, Steinfartz, Hofreiter, Philippe, and Vences, 2021, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 155 (106967): 1–14, presented molecular evidence that Salamandrininae is the sister taxon of Salamandrinae, to the exclusion of Pleurodelinae.

Contained taxa (2 sp.):

Salamandrina Fitzinger, 1826 (2 sp.)

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