Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Gymnopis multiplicata Peters, 1874

Class: Amphibia > Order: Gymnophiona > Family: Dermophiidae > Genus: Gymnopis > Species: Gymnopis multiplicata

Gymnopis multiplicata Peters, 1874, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1874: 616. Holotype: ZMB 3705; noted incorrectly as 3704 in the original publication, and although not found by Bauer, Good, and Günther, 1993, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 69: 298, considered to likely still exist by Bauer, Günther, and Klipfel, 1995, in Bauer et al. (eds.), Herpetol. Contr. W.C.H. Peters: 39. Type locality: "Veragua", Panamá.

Siphonops proximus Cope, 1877, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 17: 90. Syntypes: USNM 29762–63 according to Taylor, 1968, Caecilians of the World: 525; USNM 29762 considered "holotype" (in error) by Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 4; USNM 29763 subsequently designated lectotype by Taylor, 1968, Caecilians of the World: 525. Type locality: "Coast of Eastern Costa Rica"; rendered as "from the forest country near the coast at Limón, east coast of Costa Rica", by Taylor, 1968, Caecilians of the World: 525. Corrected to "Costa Rica, coast of eastern or east coast region, Cantón de Limón, Provincia de Limón", by Savage, 1974, Rev. Biol. Tropical, 22: 89. Synonymy by Dunn, 1928, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 10: 75; Savage and Wake, 1972, Copeia, 1972: 680–695. See comment by Tighe, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 654: 71.

Siphonops simus Cope, 1877, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 17: 91. Holotype: USNM 29765, according to Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 4. Type locality: "Costa Rica, the exact locality being uncertain". Synonymy by Dunn, 1928, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 10: 75; Dunn, 1942, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 91: 464; and Savage and Wake, 1972, Copeia, 1972: 680–695.

Dermophis proximus — Peters, 1880 "1879", Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1879: 938.

Dermophis simus — Peters, 1880 "1879", Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1879: 938.

Cryptopsophis multiplicatus Boulenger, 1883, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, 12: 166. Types: BMNH. Type locality: "Seychelles", in error, according to Boulenger, 1911, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Ser. 2, 14: 376. Synonymy by Parker, 1936, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Ser. 2, 19: 444.

Gymnopis sima — Cope, 1885 "1884", Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 22: 171.

Gymnopis proxima — Cope, 1885 "1884", Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 22: 171.

Gymnopis multiplicatus multiplicatus — Parker, 1936, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Ser. 2, 19: 444–446.

Gymnopis multiplicata multiplicata — Dunn, 1942, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 91: 464.

Gymnopis multiplicata proxima — Dunn, 1942, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 91: 466.

Cryptopsophis simus — Taylor, 1968, Caecilians of the World: 455.

English Names

Varagua [sic] Caecilian (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 24).

Distribution

Low and moderate elevations from southeastern Guatemala to western Panama on the Atlantic versant and from northwestern Costa Rica to western Panama on the Pacific versant, sea level to 1400 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama

Comment

See accounts by Savage and Wake, 1972, Copeia, 1972: 680–695, Wake, 1988, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 411: 1, Savage, 2002, Amph. Rept. Costa Rica: 119–120, and McCranie and Wilson, 2002, Amph. Honduras: 93–94. Lenders and Watkins-Colwell, 2004, Herpetol. Rev., 35: 185–186, provided a highland locality in Nicaragua. McCranie, 2007, Herpetol. Rev., 38: 36, summarized the departmental distribution in Honduras. See comments by Sunyer, Páiz, Dehling, and Köhler, 2009, Herpetol. Notes, 2: 189–202, regarding Nicaraguan populations. Köhler, 2011, Amph. Cent. Am.: 33–34, compared this species to the other in Central America and provided maps and photographs. Martínez-Fonseca, Holmes, Sunyer, Westeen, Grundler, Cerda, Fernández-Mena, Loza-Molina, Monagan, Nondorf, Pandelis, and Rabosky, 2024, Check List, 20: 76–77, provided and discussed a record from Refugio Bartola, Departamento Río San Juan, Nicaragua.

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