Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Gymnopis syntrema (Cope, 1866)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Gymnophiona > Family: Dermophiidae > Genus: Gymnopis > Species: Gymnopis syntrema

Siphonops syntremus Cope, 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 18: 129. Type(s): considered lost prior to 1885; Nussbaum, 1988, Copeia, 1988: 924, provided evidence for the holotype being the same specimen (USNM 25187) subsequently considered by Cope as the holotype of Siphonops oligozonus. Type locality: "the neighboring region of Honduras"; the northern coast of Honduras, according to Taylor, 1968, Caecilians of the World: 597.

Siphonops oligozonus Cope, 1877, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 17: 91. Holotype: USNM 25187, according to Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 4. Type locality: "uncertain"; possibly Chiapas or Tehuantepec, Mexico, according to Taylor, 1968, Caecilians of the World: 523. Synonymy of Nussbaum, 1988, Copeia, 1988: 921–928. Formerly considered a synonym of Gymnopis multiplicatus by Savage and Wake, 1972, Copeia, 1972: 680–695.

Gymnopis oligozona — Peters, 1880 "1879", Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1879: 939; Dunn, 1928, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 10: 76.

Typhlonectes syntremus — Peters, 1880 "1879", Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1879: 942.

Dermophis syntremus — Cope, 1885 "1884", Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 22: 171.

Gymnophis oligozona — Cope, 1885 "1884", Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 22: 171.

Minascaecilia sartoria Wake and Campbell, 1983, Copeia, 1983: 858. Holotype: KU 189566, by original designation. Type locality: "Aldea Vista Hermosa, Municipio Los Amates, Departamento de Izabal, Guatemala, 650 m". Synonymy by Nussbaum, 1988, Copeia, 1988: 921–928.

Gymnopis syntremus — Nussbaum, 1988, Copeia, 1988: 921–928. Incorrect gender.

Gymnopis syntrema — Campbell, 1998, Amph. Rept. N. Guatemala Yucatan Belize: 33.

Common Names

West Forest Caecilian (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 24).

Mountain Caecilian (Campbell, 1998, Amph. Rept. N. Guatemala Yucatan Belize: 33; Lee, 2000, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Maya World: 50).

Distribution

Low and moderate elevations in central and eastern Guatemala (Sierra de las Minas), Belize (Maya Mountains) and in the the Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve, Municipality of Ocosingo, Chiapas, Mexico, 300 to 1000 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Belize, Guatemala, Mexico

Comment

Taylor erected the genus Copeotyphlinus for a species based on a long-lost holotype for which only the original description remains. Savage and Wake, 1972, Copeia, 1972: 691; Nussbaum, 1979, J. Herpetol., 13: 121–123; Wake and Campbell, 1983, Copeia, 1983: 857–863, and Nussbaum, 1988, Copeia, 1988: 921–928, reviewed this problem. See account (as Minascaecilia sartoria) by Wake, 1988, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 412: 1. See also accounts by Lee, 1996, Amph. Rept. Yucatan Peninsula: 36–37; Campbell, 1998, Amph. Rept. N. Guatemala Yucatan Belize: 33–34; and Lee, 2000, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Maya World: 50. Köhler, 2011, Amph. Cent. Am.: 33–34, compared this species with the others of Central America and provided maps, and photographs. González-Hernández, Hernández-Ordóñez, Cervantez-López, and Reynoso-Rosales, 2014, Rev. Mexicana Biodiversidad, 85: 645–649, provided the first record for Mexico (Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve, Lacandona region, Chiapas).

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For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
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For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
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For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.