Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Ichthyophis hypocyaneus (Van Hasselt, 1827)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Gymnophiona > Family: Ichthyophiidae > Genus: Ichthyophis > Species: Ichthyophis hypocyaneus

Caecilia hypocyanea Boie In Schlegel, 1826, Bull. Sci. Nat. Geol., Paris, Ser. 2, 9: 239. Nomen nudum.

Ichthopis Hasselti Fitzinger, 1826, Neue Class. Rept.: 63. Nomen nudum. Synonymy by Peters, 1880 "1879", Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1879: 931.

Coecilia hypocyanea J. C. Van Hasselt in Boie, 1827, Isis von Oken, 20: 565. Type(s): RMNH 2408 is holotype, apparently in error, according to M.S. Hoogmoed In Wake, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 634; NHMW 9097 [Java] stated to be a type (exchanged from RMNH) considered to be a syntype by Taylor, 1968, Caecilians of the World: 95; this specimen considered, in error, the holotype by Häupl and Tiedemann, 1978, Kat. Wiss. Samml. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 2: 9, and Häupl, Tiedemann, and Grillitsch, 1994, Kat. Wiss. Samml. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 9: 11. Gassó Miracle, van den Hoek Ostende, and Arntzen, 2007, Zootaxa, 1482: 36, noted that NHMW 9097 and RMNH 2408-09 were all members of the syntype series; this agreed with by Gemel, Gassner, and Schweiger, 2019, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, Ser. B, 121: 38. Type locality: "Java"; rendered as "wet and marshy places on the north coast of Bantam [Province]", western Java, Indonesia by Taylor, 1968, Caecilians of the World: 95. Placed on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology by Opinion 1749, Anonymous, 1993, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 50: 261–263.

Epicrium hasselti Wagler, 1828, Isis von Oken, 21: 743. Types: Not stated or known to exist. Type locality: "Java insula locis paludosis", Indonesia. Synonymy by Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 198; Peters, 1880 "1879", Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1879: 931.

Epicrium hypocyana — Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 198. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Caecilia (Ichthyophis) hypocyanea — Van der Hoeven, 1833, Handb. Dierkd., 2: 303, by implication.

Ichthyophis hypocyaneus — Taylor, 1968, Caecilians of the World: 94.

Common Names

Javanese Caecilia (Gray, 1831, in Cuvier, Animal Kingdom (Griffith), 9—Appendix: 110).

Marsh Caecilian (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 25).

Javan Caecilian (Iskandar, 1998, Amph. Java Bali: 28).

Distribution

Java, Indonesia.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Indonesia

Endemic: Indonesia

Comment

See account by Iskandar, 1998, Amph. Java Bali: 28-29, who noted that the species has not been recollected since the types and this may mean that the specimens did not originate on that island or that they have been extirpated there. Nishikawa, Matsui, Yong, Ahmad, Yambun Imbun, Belabut, Sudin, Hamidy, Orlov, Ota, Yoshikawa, Tominaga, and Shimada, 2012, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 63: 714-723, commented on the distinctiveness of this lineage (as Ichthyophis cf. hypocyaneus) from other members of this clade (e.g., their Ichthyophis cf. kohtaoensis, Ichthyophis cf. supachaii, and Ichthyophis unnamed species 1). Gemel, Gassner, and Schweiger, 2019, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, Ser. B, 121: 38.

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