Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Microcaecilia Taylor, 1968

Class: Amphibia > Order: Gymnophiona > Family: Siphonopidae > Genus: Microcaecilia

16 species

Microcaecilia Taylor, 1968, Caecilians of the World: 532. Type species: Dermophis albiceps Boulenger, 1882, by original designation.

Parvicaecilia Taylor, 1968, Caecilians of the World: 546. Type species: Gymnophis nicefori Barbour, 1925, by original designation. Synonymy by Wilkinson, O'Connor, and Nussbaum, 2013, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 744: 7.

Caecilita Wake and Donnelly, 2010, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. B, Biol. Sci., 277: 915. Type species: Caecilita iwokramae Wake and Donnelly, 2010, by original designation. Synonymy by Wilkinson, Kok, Ahmed, and Gower, 2014, Zootaxa, 3779: 383.

English Names

Tiny Caecilians (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 24).

Colombian Caecilians (Parvicaecilia [no longer recognized]: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 24).

Distribution

Northwestern Colombia; Ecuador through southern Venezuela to the Guianas; São Paulo, Brazil.

Comment

Taylor, 1969, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 48: 313, provided a key to the species in this genus. Wilkinson and Nussbaum, 2006, In Exbrayat (ed.), Reprod. Biol. Phylog. Gymnophiona: 39-78 [66-67], rediagnosed the taxon and suggested that its monophyly is undocumented. Kok and Kalamandeen, 2008, Intr. Taxon. Amph. Kaieteur Natl. Park: 244-245, provided an account of a Microcaecilia sp. from Guyana. : Wilkinson, O'Connor, and Nussbaum, 2013, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 744: 1-12, revised the redelimited the genus and reviewed its morphology and provided an identification key to the species. Wilkinson, Kok, Ahmed, and Gower, 2014, Zootaxa, 3779: 383-388, discussed the lung morphology of the genus.

Contained taxa (16 sp.):

Microcaecilia albiceps (Boulenger, 1882)

Microcaecilia butantan Wilkinson, Antoniazzi, and Jared, 2015

Microcaecilia dermatophaga Wilkinson, Sherratt, Starace, and Gower, 2013

Microcaecilia grandis Wilkinson, Nussbaum, and Hoogmoed, 2010

Microcaecilia iwokramae (Wake and Donnelly, 2010)

Microcaecilia iyob Wilkinson and Kok, 2010

Microcaecilia marvaleewakeae Maciel and Hoogmoed, 2013

Microcaecilia nicefori (Barbour, 1924)

Microcaecilia pricei (Dunn, 1944)

Microcaecilia rabei (Roze and Solano, 1963)

Microcaecilia rochai Maciel and Hoogmoed, 2011

Microcaecilia savagei Donnelly and Wake, 2013

Microcaecilia supernumeraria Taylor, 1969

Microcaecilia taylori Nussbaum and Hoogmoed, 1979

Microcaecilia trombetas Maciel and Hoogmoed, 2011

Microcaecilia unicolor (Duméril, 1863)

External links:

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist; for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML