Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Siphonops annulatus (Mikan, 1822)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Gymnophiona > Family: Siphonopidae > Genus: Siphonops > Species: Siphonops annulatus

Caecilia annulata Mikan, 1822, Delect. Florae et Faunae Brasil., Fasc. 2: pl. 11 and associated text. Type(s): Not designated; MNHNP 15 was suggested by Dunn, 1942, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 91: 480, but this was doubted by Taylor, 1968, Caecilians of the World: 557; see also discussion by Lescure, 1988, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Sect. A, Zool., 10: 65-66. RMNH 2419 designated lectotype by Hoogmoed and Gruber, 1983, Spixiana, München, Suppl., 9: 342. NHMW 13128.1 identified as holotype by Gemel, Gassner, and Schweiger, 2019, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, Ser. B, 121: 37. Type locality: "Sebastianopolim (Rio de Janeiro)", Brazil. Data given for NHMW holotype by Gemel, Gassner, and Schweiger, 2019, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, Ser. B, 121: 37, is "Mt. Corcovado, Rio de Janeiro", Brazil.

Caecilia annulata Wagler, 1824, Serp. Brasil. Spec. Nov. Hist. Nat. Esp. Nouv. Serpens: 74. Type(s): Including animal figured on pl. 26, fig. 1 of the original publication; considered to include ZSM 1323/0, now lost, and RMNH 2419 by Hoogmoed and Gruber, 1983, Spixiana, München, Suppl., 9: 342, who designated RMNH 2491 lectotype. See also comment by Glaw and Franzen, 2006, Spixiana, München, 29: 155. Type locality: "provinciae Bahiae, in paludum vicinitate", Brazil. Synonymy (and discussion of homonymy with Caecilia annulata Mikan) by Hoogmoed and Gruber, 1983, Spixiana, München, Suppl., 9: 342.

Coecilia annulata — Fitzinger, 1826, Neue Class. Rept.: 63.

Siphonops annulatus — Wagler, 1828, Isis von Oken, 21: 742; Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862 "1861", Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturhist. Foren., Ser. 2, 3: 203.

Caecilia interrupta Cuvier, 1829, Regne Animal., Ed. 2, 2: 100. Types: Not designated; presumed lost by Taylor, 1968, Caecilians of the World: 555; see also discussion by Lescure, 1988, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Sect. A, Zool., 10: 65–66. Type locality: Not designated. Synonymy by Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 282. Provisional synonymy by Taylor, 1968, Caecilians of the World: 555. Synonymy with (Siphonops annulatus) by Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 282; Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 58.

Caecilia (Siphonops) annulata — Van der Hoeven, 1833, Handb. Dierkd., 2: 303, by implication.

Siphonops annulata — Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 282; Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 59.

Siphonops interruptus — Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 59.

Dermophis crassus Cope, 1885 "1884", Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 22: 184. Syntypes: 3 specimens, including MCZ 6636 (formerly ANSP 11346), according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1929, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69: 251, and ANSP 11344, according to Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 346. Type locality: "Upper Beni River, Bolivia" and "Eastern Peru" (ANSP 11346). Synonymy by Taylor, 1968, Caecilians of the World: 556.

Siphonops annulatus var. marmoratus Sawaya, 1937, Bol. Fac. Fil. Sci. Letr. Univ. São Paulo, Zool., 1: 238. Types: Not stated; presumably MZUSP. Type locality: "Theresópolis, E. do Rio de Janeiro", Brazil.

English Names

Ringed Caecilia (Gray, 1831, in Cuvier, Animal Kingdom (Griffith), 9—Appendix: 110).

Interrupted Ringed Caecilia (Caecilia interrupta [no longer recognized]: Gray, 1831, in Cuvier, Animal Kingdom (Griffith), 9—Appendix: 110).

Ringed Caecilian (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 15; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 24).

Distribution

Widely distributed from east-of-the-Andes in three widely separated areas which may be collecting artifacts: (1) western Amazonia (northern Colombia and western Venezuela, south through Ecuador, Peru, and western Brazil to northern Bolivia; (2) eastern Pará, Brazil; (3) eastern Brazil from southeastern Bahia through Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, and Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and Santa Catarina, with a record in Misiones, Argentina; presumably to be found in adjacent Uruguay and Paraguay.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela

Comment

Lescure and Marty, 2000, Collect. Patrimoines Nat., Paris, 45: 297, provided a photo and brief account for French Guiana; this record was rejected as in error by Lescure, Dewynter, Frétey, Ineich, Ohler, Vidal, and De Massary, 2022, Bull. Soc. Herpetol. France, 181(5): 12. Lynch, 2000 "1999", Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Exact. Fis. Nat., 23: 331, commented on distribution. Taylor and Peters, 1974, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 50: 337–338, commented on the Ecuadorian specimen. Duellman, 1978, Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 65: 80, provided a brief account for Amazonian Ecuador. Lynch, 2006, Caldasia, 28: 137, provided a brief note on habitat. Brusquetti and Lavilla, 2006, Cuad. Herpetol., 20: 24, briefly discussed the absence of any vouchers of this species from Paraguay, although its presence in the country is likely. Faria and Mott, 2011, Herpetol. Notes, 4: 53–56, discussed the range in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Maciel and Hoogmoed, 2011, Zootaxa, 2984: 32–40, provided a detailed account and a spot map. Maciel, Costa, Drummond, Gomes, and D’Angiolella, 2013, Check List, 9: 106–110, reported the species from Pará, Brazil, and provided an updated range map. Freitas, Abegg, Dias, and Moraes, 2018, Herpetol. Notes, 11: 59–72, provided a record from the Serra da Jibóia, Bahia, Brazil. Gemel, Gassner, and Schweiger, 2019, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, Ser. B, 121: 37, reported on the newly discovered holotype and corrected the date of description. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 133–134, for comments on range and literature. Vaz-Silva, Maciel, Nomura, Morais, Guerra Batista, Santos, Andrade, Oliveira, Brandão, and Bastos, 2020, Guia Ident. Anf. Goiás e Dist. Fed. Brasil Central: 183, provided an account for Goias, Brazil. See brief account for the Manu region, Peru, by Villacampa-Ortega, Serrano-Rojas, and Whitworth, 2017, Amph. Manu Learning Cent.: 266–267. Metcalf, Marsh, Torres Pacaya, Graham, and Gunnels, 2020, Herpetol. Notes, 13: 753–767, reported the species from the Santa Cruz Forest Reserve, Loreto, northeastern Peru.

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For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
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For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
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For additional information specific to Ecuador see FaunaWebEcuador: Anfibios del Ecuador
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.