Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Siphonops Wagler, 1828

Class: Amphibia > Order: Gymnophiona > Family: Siphonopidae > Genus: Siphonops

8 species

Siphonops Wagler, 1828, Isis von Oken, 21: 742. Type species: Caecilia annulata Mikan, 1822, by monotypy.

Luetkenotyphlus Taylor, 1968, Caecilians of the World: 588. Type species: Siphonops brasiliensis Lütken, 1851, by original designation. Synonymy by Maciel, Drummond, Melo-Sampaio, Hernández-Morales, Santos, Sampaio, Schneider, Almeida, Castro, Muscat, Toledo, Kupfer, and Prudente, 2026, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 208(1: zlag136): 6, who suggested Luetkenotyplus is imbedded within a paraphyletic Siphonops.

Lutkenotyphlus — Nussbaum, 1986, J. Herpetol., 20: 441. Unjustified emendation according to Wilkinson and Nussbaum, 2006, In Exbrayat (ed.), Reprod. Biol. Phylog. Gymnophiona: 66.

Common Names

Ringed Caecilians (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 24).

кольчатые червяги (Russian: Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 15).

Ringelwühlen (German: Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 15).

Sao Paulo Caecilians (Luetkenotyphlus [no longer recognized]: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 24).

Distribution

South America east of the Andes, north of 26° S.

Comment

Wilkinson and Nussbaum, 2006, In Exbrayat (ed.), Reprod. Biol. Phylog. Gymnophiona: 39-78 [49, 69], suggested that the monophyly of this taxon is undocumented with respect to Mimosiphonops. Maciel, Drummond, Melo-Sampaio, Hernández-Morales, Santos, Sampaio, Schneider, Almeida, Castro, Muscat, Toledo, Kupfer, and Prudente, 2026, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 208(1: zlag136): 6, suggested Luetkenotyplus is imbedded within a paraphyletic Siphonops and made the synonymy.

Contained taxa (8 sp.):

Siphonops annulatus (Mikan, 1822)

Siphonops brasiliensis Lütken, 1851

Siphonops fredi (Maciel, Castro, Sturaro, Silva, Ferreira, Santos, Risse-Quaioto, Barboza, Oliveira, Sampaio, and Schneider, 2019)

Siphonops hardyi Boulenger, 1888

Siphonops insulanus Ihering, 1911

Siphonops leucoderus Taylor, 1968

Siphonops maria Maciel, Drummond, Melo-Sampaio, Hernández-Morales, Santos, Sampaio, Schneider, Almeida, Castro, Muscat, Toledo, Kupfer, and Prudente, 2026

Siphonops paulensis Boettger, 1892

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