Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Discoglossus Otth, 1837

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Alytidae > Genus: Discoglossus

5 species

Discoglossus Otth, 1837, Neue Denkschr. Allg. Schweiz. Ges. Naturwiss., 1: 6. Type species: Discoglossus pictus Otth, 1837, by monotypy.

Colodactylus Tschudi, 1845, Arch. Naturgesch., 11: 167. Type species: Colodactylus coerulescens Tschudi, 1845, by monotypy. Synonymy by Peters, 1873, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1873: 623; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 445.

Common Names

Painted Frogs (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 51; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 51).

Distribution

Southern Europe, northwestern Africa.

Comment

See Lanza, Cei, and Crespo, 1975, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 9: 153–162, for history of taxonomy and relationships of species. Lanza, Nascetti, Capula, and Bullini, 1984, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 18: 133–152; Capula, Nascetti, Lanza, Bullini, and Crespo, 1985, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 19: 69–90; and Martínez-Solano, 2004, J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res., 42: 298–305, and Fromhage, Vences, and Veith, 2004, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 31: 308–322 discussed molecular relationships of western Mediterranean species, as did Capula and Corti, 1993, J. Zool., London, 231: 141–156, and Capula and Corti, 1993, Suppl. Ricerche Biol. Selvaggina, 21: 597–604. Busack, 1986, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 55: 41–61, discussed Spanish and Moroccan species. Odierna, Aprea, Capriglione, Parisi, Arribas, and Morescalchi, 1999, Ital. J. Zool., 66: 273–283, discussed phylogenetics of Discoglossus on the basis of karyology. Barbadillo-Escrivá, 1987, Guia INCAFO Anf. Rept. Peninsula Iberica: 126–130, discussed the Iberian populations. Velo-Antón, Martínez-Solano, and García-París, 2008, Amphibia-Reptilia, 29: 523–533, discussed the taxonomic status of Iberian populations. Pabijan, Crottini, Reckwell, Irisarri, Hauswaldt, and Vences, 2012, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 64: 690–696, reported on molecular evolution and a tree of the species. Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Salvi, Geffen, Gafny, and Martínez-Solano, 2014, Herpetol. J., 24: 261–265, reported on novel microsatellite loci with special reference to comparing Discoglossus jeanneae and Discoglossus galganoi. Vences, de Pous, Nicolas, Díaz-Rodríguez, Donaire-Barroso, Hugemann, Hauswaldt, Amat, Barnestein, Bogaerts, Bouazza, Carranza, Galán, González de la Vega, Joger, Lansari, El Mouden, Ohler, Sanuy, Slimani, and Tejedo, 2014, Amphibia-Reptilia, 35: 305–320, reported on molecular phylogenetics in the genus but within a biological species paradigm. Channing and Rödel, 2019, Field Guide Frogs & Other Amph. Afr.: 38–39, provided brief accounts, photographs, and range maps for the African species. Martínez-Gil, Martínez-Freiría, Perera, Enriquez-Urzelai, Martínez-Solano, Velo-Antón, and Kaliontzopoulou, 2022, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 135: 462–477, examined, within a phylogenetic framework, phenotypic and climatic diversity of the species.

Contained taxa (5 sp.):

Discoglossus galganoi Capula, Nascetti, Lanza, Bullini, and Crespo, 1985

Discoglossus montalentii Lanza, Nascetti, Capula, and Bullini, 1984

Discoglossus pictus Otth, 1837

Discoglossus sardus Tschudi, 1837

Discoglossus scovazzi Camerano, 1878

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