Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Bombina orientalis (Boulenger, 1890)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bombinatoridae > Genus: Bombina > Species: Bombina orientalis

Bombinator orientalis Boulenger, 1890, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, 5: 143. Syntypes: BMNH 1947.2.25.53–64, 1947.2.25.69, 1947.2.25.70–72, and 1947.2.25.73–76 (formerly 74.1.16.90, 83.3.26.11, 89.12.16.198–200, and 72.1.29.16–17) according to Korotkov, 1972, in Cherepanov (ed.), Zool. Probl. Sibiri: 106. Type localities: "Chefoo [= Yantai, Shandong]...N. China...S.E. coast of Corea...Chabarowka"; given as "Korea" by Gee and Boring, 1929, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., 4: 20; restricted to "Chefoo" (= Yantai), Shandong, China, by Pope, 1931, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 61: 435. Kuzmin and Maslova, 2003, Adv. Amph. Res. Former Soviet Union, 8: 106, discussed the Kharovsk locality and regarded it as erroneous.

Bombina orientalis — Stejneger, 1907, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 58: 51.

Bombina orientalis var. silvatica Korotkov, 1972, in Cherepanov (ed.), Zool. Probl. Sibiri: 302. Type(s): Not designated or known to exist. Type locality: Korean pine-broad-leaved forests across almost the whole to the terrotory of Primorye [Russia]. Status regarded as dubious by Kuzmin and Maslova, 2003, Adv. Amph. Res. Former Soviet Union, 8: 109.

Bombina orientalis var. praticola Korotkov, 1972, in Cherepanov (ed.), Zool. Probl. Sibiri: 302. Type(s): Not designated or known to exist. Type locality: Kievka [= Sudzukhe] River mount and Khasa Railway Station near the Bay of Bodunupta, southern Primorye, Russia. Status regarded as dubious by Kuzmin and Maslova, 2003, Adv. Amph. Res. Former Soviet Union, 8: 109.

Bombina (Bombina) orientalis — Tian and Hu, 1985, Acta Herpetol. Sinica, Chengdu, N.S.,, 4 (3): 219–224; Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 97; Yu, Yang, Zhang, and Rao, 2007, J. Herpetol., 41: 373.

Common Names

Oriental Firebelly Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 38).

Red-bellied Toad (Liu, 1931, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., 5: 53).

Chinese Bell Toad (Boring, Liu, and Chou, 1932, Handb. N. China, Amph. Rept.: 25; Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 51).

Oriental Fire-bellied Toad (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 51; Kuzmin, 1999, Amph. Former Soviet Union: 206).

Oriental Bell Toad (Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 56).

Eastern Fire-bellied Toad (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 51; Borzée, 2024, Continental NE Asian Amph.: 57).

Korean Fire-bellied Toad (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 51).

Distribution

Southern part of Russian Far East (Primorye Region and a few localities in the Khabarovskii Region); northeastern China (from northeastern Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang south to southern Liaoning, with one locality in the Beijing area and other records in eastern Shandong and northern Jiangsu) and the entire Korean Peninsula; Tsushima and Kyushu Islands, Japan (although these records likely in error, personal comm., M. Matsui).

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: China, People's Republic of, Japan, Korea, Democratic People's Republic (North), Korea, Republic of (South), Russia

Comment

See Stejneger, 1907, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 58: 51, for summary of misapplication of the name Bombinator igneus in the literature to this species. Discussed by Liu and Hu, 1961, Tailless Amph. China: 36–38, Ye, Fei, and Hu, 1993, Rare and Economic Amph. China 115, Kuzmin, 1999, Amph. Former Soviet Union: 206–212, Kuzmin, 2013, Amph. Former Soviet Union, Ed. 2: 118–121, and Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 56, and Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 2: 57–62 (who provided a dot map). Zhao and Bi, 1995, Acta Herpetol. Sinica, 4–5: 102–104, provided a record for Inner Mongolia. Yang, Kim, Min, and Suh, 2001, Monogr. Korean Amph.: 48–49, provided a brief account, map and figure for South Korea. Kuzmin and Maslova, 2003, Adv. Amph. Res. Former Soviet Union, 8: 105–122, provided an extensive account. Pabijan, Spolsky, Uzzell, and Szymura, 2008, J. Mol. Evol., 67: 246–256, and Zheng, Fu, and Li, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 52: 70–83, presented molecular evidence that suggests that Bombina orientalis is more closely related to European Bombina than to other Asian species. Fidenci, 2009, Herpetol. Rev., 40: 445, provided a record for Jeju Island, South Korea. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 104 provided a brief account including photographs. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2012, Colored Atlas Chinese Amph. Distr.: 130, provided an account, photographs, and a map. Fong, Li, Yang, Zhou, Leaché, Min, and Waldman, 2016, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 97: 69–75, reported on mtDNA demographics and phylogeography. Fei and Ye, 2016, Amph. China, 1: 432–413, provided an account, photograph, and range map. Borzée, Groffen, and Seliger, 2018, Herpetol. Rev., 49: 69, provided specific localities in Dem. Rep. Korea and discussed earlier records. Li, Lian, and Lu, 2010, Res. Tadpoles Liaoning: 16–18, described and pictured the larva. Dot map and discussion of status for North Korea provided by Song, 2016, J. Natl. Park Res., Rep. Korea, 7: 211–217. Borzée, Litvinchuk, Ri, Andersen, Nam, Jon, Man, Choe, Kwon, Othman, Messenger, Bae, Shin, Kim, Maslova, Luedtke, Hobin, Moores, Seliger, Glenk, and Jang, 2021, Animals, 11 (2057): 1–37, provided, for P.D.R. Korea, records, a distribution map as well as modeled distributions, life history comments, as well as conservation status. Yu, Zhao, Shi, Meng, and Xu, 2021, Ecol. Evol., 11: 4232–4242, reported on molecular phylogeography in northeastern China. Andersen, Chuang, Choe, Kim, Kwon, Jang, and Borzée, 2022, Zool. Stud., Taipei, 61(25): 1–10, reported on the elevational range (0–1393 m) in Rep. Korea. Borzée, 2024, Continental NE Asian Amph.: 57–61, provided a detailed account (distribution including a polygon map, habitat, ecology, conservation, photos of larvae and adults, identification tools) for northeastern Asia.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For additional information specific to China see Amphibia China
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.