Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Lynchius Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Brachycephaloidea > Family: Craugastoridae > Subfamily: Pristimantinae > Genus: Lynchius

8 species

Lynchius Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 109. Type species: Phrynopus parkeri Lynch, 1975, by original designation.

Common Names

None noted.

Distribution

Cordillera Oriental in southern Ecuador and Cordillera de Huancabamba in northern Peru, 2215–3100 m elevation.

Comment

A close relative of Oreobates according to Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 109. See Duellman and Lehr, 2009, Terrest.-breeding Frogs in Peru: 86–90, for brief accounts of the Peruvian species. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543-583, suggested this taxon to be the sister of Oreobates. Motta, Chaparro Auza, Pombal, Guayasamin, De la Riva, and Padial, 2016, Herpetol. Monogr., 30: 119–142, revised the genus, provided a key to the species, and confirmed its placement as the sister taxon of Oreobates. Székely, Eguiguren, Ordóñez-Delgado, Armijos-Ojeda, and Székely, 2020, PLoS One, 15(9: e0238306): 1–59, provided a ML tree of the species within the genus. Venegas, García Ayachi, Ormeño, Bullard, Catenazzi, and Motta, 2021, Neotropical Biodiversity, 7: 279–296, provided a map of the species and molecular trees of relationships.

Contained taxa (8 sp.):

Lynchius flavomaculatus (Parker, 1938)

Lynchius megacephalus Sánchez-Nivicela, Urgilés, Navarrete, Yánez-Muñoz, and Ron, 2019

Lynchius nebulanastes (Cannatella, 1984)

Lynchius oblitus Motta, Chaparro, Pombal, Guayasamin, De la Riva, and Padial, 2016

Lynchius parkeri (Lynch, 1975)

Lynchius simmonsi (Lynch, 1974)

Lynchius tabaconas Motta, Chaparro, Pombal, Guayasamin, De la Riva, and Padial, 2016

Lynchius waynehollomonae Venegas, García Ayachi, Ormeño, Bullard, Catenazzi, and Motta, 2021

External links:

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