Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Yunganastes fraudator (Lynch and McDiarmid, 1987)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Brachycephaloidea > Family: Strabomantidae > Subfamily: Pristimantinae > Genus: Yunganastes > Species: Yunganastes fraudator

Eleutherodactylus fraudator Lynch and McDiarmid, 1987, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 100: 337. Holotype: USNM 257847, by original designation. Type locality: "73.5 km from Cochabamba on Cochabamba to Villa Tunari road, Provincia Chapare, Departamento Cochabamba, Bolivia, ca. 2690 m".

Eleutherodactylus (Craugastor) fraudator — De la Riva and Lynch, 1997, Copeia, 1997: 151.

Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) fraudator — Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 224.

Pristimantis fraudator — Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Suppl. Inform., 104: Table 2.

Eleutherodactylus (Yunganastes) fraudator — Padial, Castroviejo-Fisher, Köhler, Domic, and De la Riva, 2007, Herpetol. Monogr., 21: 217.

Pristimantis (Yunganastes) fraudator — Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 128.

Yunganastes fraudator — Padial, Castroviejo-Fisher, and De la Riva, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 52: 912.

Common Names

Cochamba Robber Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 75).

Distribution

Andean cloud forests from upper Provincia Chapare, Departamento Cochabamba, to the La Siberia area of the limits of the departments of Cochabamba and Santa Cruz, 2050-2900 m elevation, Bolivia.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Bolivia

Endemic: Bolivia

Comment

Subgenus Craugastor, according to De la Riva and Lynch, 1997, Copeia, 1997: 151. In the Eleutherodactylus conspicillatus group according to the original publication. See discussion by De la Riva and Lynch, 1997, Copeia, 1997: 151-157. Placed in the subgenus Eleutherodactylus, not assigned to species group, by Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 224. Köhler, 2000, Copeia, 2000: 519, defined the Eleutherodactylus (Craugastor) fraudator group, composed of Eleutherodactylus fraudator, Eleutherodactylus pluvicanorus, and Eleutherodactylus ashkapara, and (pp. 118-119) provided a brief account. Köhler, 2000, Bonn. Zool. Monogr., 48: 118-119 provided a brief account. Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 200, discussed the Eleutherodactylus fraudator group and excluded it from Craugastor. Padial, Castroviejo-Fisher, Köhler, Domic, and De la Riva, 2007, Herpetol. Monogr., 21: 226-227, provided an account.

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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.