Bufo pageoti Bourret, 1937

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Bufo > Species: Bufo pageoti

Bufo pageoti Bourret, 1937, Annexe Bull. Gen. Instr. Publique, Hanoi, 1937: 9. Holotype: MNHNP 1948.125 (formerly LZUH B-145), according to Guibé, 1950 "1948", Cat. Types Amph. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.: 14. Type locality: "Fan-Si-Pan (2500 m)", Lao Cai Province, Vietnam.

Bufo burmanus Andersson, 1939 "1938", Ark. Zool., 30(23): 6. Syntypes: NHMG (5 specimens), by original designation; NHMG 1862.1 designated lectotype by Dubois and Ohler, 1999, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 4: 163. Type locality: "Kambaiti", northeastern Myanmar; elsewhere in the publication noted as "surrounding of the little village of Kambaiti, situated in N. East Burma near the border of China in a highland 2,000 m above the sea level". Synonymy by Dubois and Ohler, 1999, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 4: 162.

Phrynoidis burmanus — Fei, Ye, Huang, Jiang, and Xie, 2005, in Fei et al. (eds.), Illust. Key Chinese Amph.: 95.

"Bufo" pageoti — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 364. Excluded from Bufo and unassigned to genus.

Torrentophryne burmanus — Yang, 2008, in Yang and Rao (ed.), Amph. Rept. Yunnan: 56. Gender disagreement. 

Torrentophryne pageoti — Yang, 2008, in Yang and Rao (ed.), Amph. Rept. Yunnan: 61.

Bufo (Bufo) pageoti — Dubois and Bour, 2010, Zootaxa, 2447: 24.

Duttaphrynus pageoti — Liedtke, Müller, Rödel, Menegon, Gonwouo, Barej, Gvoždík, Schmitz, Channing, Nagel, and Loader, 2016, Evolution, 70: 1717–1733, Supporting Inform. S4. 

Common Names

Tonkin Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 43).

Pageot's Mountain Toad (Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 14).

Burma Toad (Bufo burmanus [no longer recognized]: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 40).

Burman Toad (Bufo burmanus [no longer recognized]: Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 126).

Distribution

Known from distantly allopatric populations: Mountains of north-eastern and western Myanmar, western and south-central Yunnan, China, into northern montane Vietnam (Lao Cai, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, and Quang Nam provinces), 1900–2500 m elevation. Expected in adjacent northern Laos. 

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: China, People's Republic of, Myanmar, Vietnam

Likely/Controversially Present: Laos

Comment

See account by Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 170–172, and Dubois and Ohler, 1999, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 4: 133–180 (who placed it in their Bufo stejnegeri group). See comment under Bufo burmanus. Liu, Lathrop, Fu, Yang, and Murphy, 2000, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 14: 433, noted that Bufo pageoti is most closely related to species formerly placed in Torrentophryne. Bufo burmanus was placed in the Bufo melanostictus group (now Duttaphrynus) according to Inger, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 38, this disputed by Dubois and Ohler, 1999, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 4: 136 (who retained it in Bufo), both assignments based apparently on perceptions of overall similarity. Subsequently Bufo burmanus was placed in the Bufo cryptotympanus group (= Bufo stejnegeri group of Dubois and Ohler, 1999, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 4: 133–180) according to Hu, Jiang, and Tian, 1984, Acta Herpetol. Sinica, Chengdu, N.S.,, 3 (1): 77–85. Yang, 1991, Amph. Fauna of Yunnan: 97–98, and Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 126–127, provided a brief account, figure, and map. Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297, suggested that this species is not a member of the monophyletic taxon Bufo (the former Bufo bufo group), but could not allocate this species to any of the other genera either, instead leaving this species in a non-taxon "Bufo" which they denoted as non-monophyletic by placing the name in quotation marks. Yang, 2008, in Yang and Rao (ed.), Amph. Rept. Yunnan: 56–57, provided a brief account (as Torrentophryne burmanus) for Yunnan, China. See statement of geographic range, habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 611. Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 2: 580–585, provided an account (as Torrentophryne burmana) and spot map. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 208–209, provided a brief account (as Torrentophryne burmanus) including photographs. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2012, Colored Atlas Chinese Amph. Distr.: 271, provided an account (as Torrentophryne burmanus), photographs, and range map for China. Fei and Ye, 2016, Amph. China, 1: 811–802, provided an account, photographs, and spot map for China, as Torrentophryne burmanus, without addressing the earlier synonymy with Bufo pageoti. Liedtke, Müller, Rödel, Menegon, Gonwouo, Barej, Gvoždík, Schmitz, Channing, Nagel, and Loader, 2016, Evolution, 70: 1717–1733, Supporting Inform. S4, placed this species within the Duttaphrynus clade, as did Othman, Chen, Chuang, Andersen, Jang, and Borzée, 2020, Animals, 10 (1157) : 1–24 (see figure 2). Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 14, discussed identification, habitat, and range in Myanmar (as Bufo pageoti). Othman, Litvinchuk, Maslova, Dahn, Messenger, Andersen, Jowers, Kojima, Skorinov, Yasumiba, Chuang, Chen, Bae, Hoti, Jang, and Borzée, 2022, eLife, 11(e70494): 1–42, recovered the species within Bufo. Portik, Streicher, and Wiens, 2023, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 188 (107907): 68, also recovered the species in Duttaphrynus (sensu lato, in what is now including Firouzophrynus). Given the analytical instability of this terminal DRF provisionally retains this species in Bufo, but notes that short of a catastrophic failure of record-keeping the only other Duttaphrynus (sensu lato) within the range of Bufo pageoti is Duttaphrynus melanostictus and this sequence clearly is not of that species. 

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