Strauchbufo raddei (Strauch, 1876)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Strauchbufo > Species: Strauchbufo raddei

Bufo variabilis var. amurensis Maak, 1859, Puteshestvie na Amur: 153. Types: Not stated; presumably originally in ZISP. Type locality: (translation) "all along the Amur". Questionably a senior synonym of Bufo raddei, according to Stejneger, 1907, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 58: 70. Nomen nudum according to Kuzmin, 1999, Amph. Former Soviet Union: 275.

Bufo Raddei Strauch, 1876, in Przewalski (ed.), Mongoliia i strana Tangutov, 2(3): 53. Syntypes: ZISP 921–925, MCZ 1958, although Borkin and Kuzmin, 1988, in Vorobyeva and Darevsky (eds.), Amph. Rept. Mongolian P. Rep.: 82, noted that Strauch had other specimens in front of him, although they designated ZISP 921 as lectotype. MCZ 1958 (on exchange from ZISP) regarded as a paratype according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1929, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69: 232, although the status of this specimen needs confirmation. See  discussion by Kuzmin and Maslova, 2003, Adv. Amph. Res. Former Soviet Union, 8: 158. Type localities: "provincia Chinensi, Ordos dicta . . . . nec non in desert Alaschanico", by original designation, = Ordos and Alashan [= Tengger Desert, Nei Mongol, China]. Restricted to western part of Alashan Desert 106° E, SW part of the Inner Mongolia by lectotype designation. See discussion of type locality by Kuzmin and Maslova, 2003, Adv. Amph. Res. Former Soviet Union, 8: 158.

Bufo raddiiBoulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 294. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Bufo raddei var. przewalskii Bedriaga, 1898, Wissenschaft. Result. Przewalski Cent. Asien Reisen, 3(1): 48. Holotype: ZISP 2010, according to XXX. Type locality: Lac Kuku-nor [= Qinhai Lake, Qinhai Province, China]; "Dschan-Manzei (zwischen Ssu-tschou [= Jiquan County, Gansu Province, China] und Ju-nan-tschan), aus Pinfun-Tscha und vom Flusse Babo-cho (Nan-schan [Province uncertain, China]). Synonymy by Stejneger, 1925, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus., 66: 8; Zhao and Adler, 1993, Herpetol. China: 128.

Bufo raddei var. pleskei Bedriaga, 1898, Wissenschaft. Result. Przewalski Cent. Asien Reisen, 3(1): 48. Holotype: ZISP 1261, according to Nikolskii, 1918, Fauna Rossii, Zemnovodnye: 94. Type locality: not stated, but China by implication; data provided for ZISP 1261 by Nikolskii, 1918, Fauna Rossii, Zemnovodnye: 94, is "Fl. Tola prope Urga"; reported by Liu, 1950, Fieldiana, Zool. Mem., 2: 203, as "Tola River near Urga [= Tuul River, Ulan Bataar], Mongolia", although this was questioned by Zhao and Adler, 1993, Herpetol. China: 129. Synonymy by Nikolskii, 1918, Fauna Rossii, Zemnovodnye: 93.

Bufo koslovi Zarevskij, 1924, Annu. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. Leningrad, 25: 152. Syntypes: 4 specimens; presumably originally in the ZISP. Type locality: "near the river Edsin-gol in South Mongolia". Synonymy by Gumilevskij, 1936, Trudy Zool. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Leningrad, 4: 167–171; Liu and Hu, 1961, Tailless Amph. China: 114.

Bufo brevipes Zarevskij, 1926 "1925", Annu. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. Leningrad, 26: 74–78. Holotype: ZISP 2635, according to XXX. Type locality: "Ji-us-shan [mountains], lake Kuku-nor [= Qinghai Hu]", Qinghai Province, China. Synonymy by Gumilevskij, 1936, Trudy Zool. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Leningrad, 4: 167–171; Liu and Hu, 1961, Tailless Amph. China: 114. Type locality discussed by Borkin and Matsui, 1987 "1986", in Anajeva and Borkin (eds.), Sistematika i ekologiia amfibii i reptilii: 52. Junior secondary homonym of Hylaplesia brevipes in Bufo.

Bufo viridis asiaticus Pavlov, 1932, Publ. Mus. Hoang Ho Pai Ho, Tien-Tsin, 11: 8. Types: Mus. Hoang ho Pai ho (now Tianjin Natural History Museum. Tianjin), by original designation. Type locality: Siao K'iao pan, Ordos S. [province uncertain]; Tchang kia tschoang, Tcheuly, S.-E. (Tianjin Shi); and Ien tsin [=Tianjin Shi], China. Nomen nudum and primary homonym of Bufo vulgaris asiaticus Steindachner, 1867. Synonymy by Zhao and Adler, 1993, Herpetol. China: 129.

Pseudepidalea raddeiFrost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 365; Dunayev and Orlova, 2012, Amph. Rept. Russia Field Guide: 64.

"Bufo" raddeiFrost, 2013, Amph. Spec. World, Vers. 5.6. See comment.

Strauchbufo raddei — Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2012, Colored Atlas Chinese Amph. Distr.: 262, 597.

Strauchophryne raddei — Borkin and Litvinchuk, 2013, Trudy Zool. Inst. Ross. Akad. Nauk, 317: 531.

Strauchibufo raddei — Fei and Ye, 2016, Amph. China, 1: 785. Incorrect subsequent spelling of generic name. 

English Names

Tengger Desert Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 43).

Mongolian Toad (Borkin and Kuzmin, 1988, in Vorobyeva and Darevsky (eds.), Amph. Rept. Mongolian P. Rep.: 248; Kuzmin, 1999, Amph. Former Soviet Union: 275;  Fei and Ye, 2016, Amph. China, 1: 782; Kuzmin, Dunayev, Munkhbayar, Munkhbaatar, and Terbish, 2017, in Kuzmin (ed.), Amph. Mongolia: 111).

Siberian Toad (Liu, 1931, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., 5: 53; Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 138).

Siberian Sand Toad (Boring, Liu, and Chou, 1932, Handb. N. China, Amph. Rept.: 27).

Piebald Toad (Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 138).

Radde's Toad (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 41).

Distribution

Northern Xinjiang and northwestern Gansu east through northern China, south to southern Shaanxi, southern Henan, northern Anhui and Jiangsu, China, through southern, central, and eastern Mongolia, and north to the southeastern and southwestern shores of Lake Baikal and Amur River in Russia to extreme northern Sakhalin I. and northwestern and extreme northeastern P.D.R. Korea.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: China, People's Republic of, Korea, Democratic People's Republic (North), Mongolia, Russia

Comment

See Liu, 1950, Fieldiana, Zool. Mem., 2: 203–206, for synonymy and discussion. Also see Pope, 1931, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 61: 459–462. See also Hemmer, Schmidtler, and Böhme, 1978, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 34: 349–384. See account by Ye, Fei, and Hu, 1993, Rare and Economic Amph. China: 188. In the Bufo viridis group of Inger, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 107. See comment under Bufo nouettei. See account by Kuzmin, 1999, Amph. Former Soviet Union: 275–280. Validity of Bufo raddei, and position rather distant from the Bufo viridis subgroup confirmed by biochemical studies of Maxson, 1981, Copeia, 1981: 579–583; and Mezhzherin and Pisanets, 1995, Genetika, 31: 342–352. Liu, Lathrop, Fu, Yang, and Murphy, 2000, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 14: 423–435, even suggested on the basis of phylogenetic mtDNA analysis that Bufo raddei is not a member of the Bufo viridis group, instead being more closely related to such taxa as the Bufo bufo complex and Duttaphrynus melanostictus; Stöck, Bretschneider, and Grosse, 2001 "2000", Russ. J. Herpetol., 7: 215–226, provided bioacoustic evidence for differences to diploid, triploid and tetraploid taxa of parapatric Bufo viridis subgroup, and reviewed taxonomy in comparison with this and Bufo calamita. Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 138–140, provided a brief account, figure, and map. Xinjiang and Mongolian part of distribution discussed by Peters, 1971, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 47: 332 (as Bufo viridis) and and Stöck, 1998, Z. Feldherpetol., 5: 160 (as Bufo nouettei). Fan, Guo, and Liu, 1998, Amph. Rept. Shanxi Prov.: 52–55, provided an account for Shanxi. Kuzmin and Maslova, 2003, Adv. Amph. Res. Former Soviet Union, 8: 157–176, provided an extensive account. Che, Wen, Zhou, and Halike, 2008, Sichuan J. Zool., 27: 423, reported the species in Xinjiang, China. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 236–237, provided a brief account (as Bufo raddei) including photographs of specimens and habitat. Dubois and Bour, 2010, Zootaxa, 2447: 1–52, rejected the placement of this species in Bufotes. Dong, Che, Ding, Huang, Murphy, Zhao, and Zhang, 2012, Asian Herpetol. Res., Ser. 2, 3: 103–113, reported on Pleistocene biogeography as inducted from coalescent simulations.  Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2012, Colored Atlas Chinese Amph. Distr.: 597, placed it in a monotypic genus, provided an account (pp. 262–263), photographs and range map for China.  Terbish, Munkhbayar, and Munkhbaatar, 2013, Guide Amph. Rept. Mongolia: 13–15, provided a brief account (as Bufo raddei), photograph, and spot map for Mongolia. Adnagulov, 2016, Curr. Stud. Herpetol., Saratov, 16: 87–106, provided a dot map and discussion for Evreiskaya Autonomous Oblast, Far East Russia. Fei and Ye, 2016, Amph. China, 1: 782–788, provided an account, photograph, and dot map for China. See detailed account for Mongolia by Kuzmin, Dunayev, Munkhbayar, Munkhbaatar, and Terbish, 2017, in Kuzmin (ed.), Amph. Mongolia: 85–131. Yao and Gong, 2012, Amph. Rept. Gansu: 40–41, provided a brief account and photographs. Li, Lian, and Lu, 2010, Res. Tadpoles Liaoning: 22–25, described and pictured the larva, as Bufo raddei. Dot map and discussion of status for North Korea provided by Song, 2016, J. Natl. Park Res., Rep. Korea, 7: 211–217.  Litvinchuk, Schepina, and Borzée, 2020, PeerJ, 8 (e9216): 1–13, employed environmental modeling to examine the current and past range of the species. Kuzmin, 2013, Amph. Former Soviet Union, Ed. 2: 168, provided an account for the former USSR (as Bufo raddei) and noted names applied incorrectly to this taxon in addition to the formal synonymy. Borzée, Litvinchuk, Ri, Andersen, Nam, Jon, Man, Choe, Kwon, Othman, Messenger, Bae, Shin, Kim, Maslova, Luedtke, Hobin, Moores, Seliger, Glenk, and Jang, 2021, Animals, 11 (2057): 1–37, provided (as Pseudepidalea raddei) locality records, a distribution map as well as modeled distribution, life history comments, and conservation status for P.D.R. Korea. Othman, Choe, Chuang, Purevdori, Maslova, Schepina, Jang, and Borzée, 2022, Evol. Ecol., 36: 1007–1043, reported on the molecular phylogeography, release call variation.   

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