Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Teratohyla spinosa (Taylor, 1949)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Centrolenidae > Subfamily: Centroleninae > Genus: Teratohyla > Species: Teratohyla spinosa

Centrolenella spinosa Taylor, 1949, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33: 259. Holotype: KU 23809, by original designation. Type locality: "Los Diamantes, one mile south of Guápiles, [Cantón de Pococí, Provincia Limón,] Costa Rica". Savage, 1974, Rev. Biol. Tropical, 22: 90, commented on the type locality.

Teratohyla spinosa — Taylor, 1951, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 64: 35.

Centrolenella spinosa — Savage, 1967, Copeia, 1967: 328.

Cochranella spinosa — Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991, Lozania, 57: 23.

Teratohyla spinosa — Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009, Zootaxa, 2100: 37.

English Names

Spiny Cochran Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 47).

Dwarf Glassfrog (Guayasamin, Cisneros-Heredia, McDiarmid, Peña, and Hutter, 2020, Diversity, 12 (222): 241).

Distribution

Caribbean slopes of northeastern Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica; Pacific slopes from Costa Rica, along the lowlands through western Colombia to the northern and central Pacific lowlands of Ecuador, below 700 m elevation.

Comment

In the Cochranella ocellata group, according to Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991, Lozania, 57: 1–30; in the Cochranella spinosa group of Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995, Lozania, 62: 1–23. See account by Taylor, 1952, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 35: 772. See accounts by Savage, 2002, Amph. Rept. Costa Rica: 365–367, and McCranie and Wilson, 2002, Amph. Honduras: 213–215. Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid, 2005, Check List, 1(1): 20, provided discussed the range and provided new Ecuadorian localities. McCranie, 2007, Herpetol. Rev., 38: 37, detailed the departmental distribution in Honduras. Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid, 2007, Zootaxa, 1572: 64, discussed the species in Ecuador and noted the relevant literature. Kubicki, 2007, Glass Frogs Costa Rica: 154–167, provided an account and detailed range map for Costa Rica. Cisneros-Heredia, 2009, Check List, 5: 912–916, discussed the range. See comments by Sunyer, Páiz, Dehling, and Köhler, 2009, Herpetol. Notes, 2: 189–202, regarding Nicaraguan populations. Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson, and Nickerson, 2011, Herpetol. Rev., 42: 399, noted a new locality in Nicaragua (Atlántico Norte). Köhler, 2011, Amph. Cent. Am.: 117–127, compared the centrolenid species of Central America and provided an identification key, maps, and photographs. Guayasamin, Cisneros-Heredia, McDiarmid, Peña, and Hutter, 2020, Diversity, 12 (222): 241–244, provided a detailed account, including adult and larval morphology, advertisement call, relationships, natural history, and conservation status.

External links:

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For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist; for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
For additional information specific to Ecuador see FaunaWebEcuador: Anfibios del Ecuador
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.