Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Centroleninae Taylor, 1951

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Centrolenidae > Subfamily: Centroleninae

127 species

Centrolenidae Taylor, 1951, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 64: 36. Type genus: Centrolene Jiménez de la Espada, 1872.

Centroleninae — Barrio, 1968, Physis, Buenos Aires, 28: 165-169; Lutz, 1969, Acta Zool. Lilloana, 24: 276; Rueda-Almonacid, 1994, Trianea, 5: 134.

Cochranellini Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009, Zootaxa, 2100: 29. Type genus: Cochranella Taylor, 1951. Explicit tribe.

Common Names

None noted.

Distribution

Tropical Central America south and east from Honduras, tropical Andes, Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela, Guiana Shield, Amazon Basin, and Atlantic Forest of Brazil.

Comment

The content of this subfamily follows Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009, Zootaxa, 2100: 1-97, who reported on the phylogenetics of the group.

Contained taxa (127 sp.):

"Centrolene" azulae (Flores and McDiarmid, 1989)

"Centrolene" medemi (Cochran and Goin, 1970)

"Centrolene" petrophilum Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991

"Centrolene" quindianum Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995

"Centrolene" robledoi Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995

"Cochranella" duidaeana (Ayarzagüena, 1992)

"Cochranella" euhystrix (Cadle and McDiarmid, 1990)

"Cochranella" geijskesi (Goin, 1966)

"Cochranella" ramirezi Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991

"Cochranella" riveroi (Ayarzagüena, 1992)

"Cochranella" xanthocheridia Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995

Audaciella Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021 (2 sp.)

Centrolene Jiménez de la Espada, 1872 (31 sp.)

Chimerella Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (3 sp.)

Cochranella Taylor, 1951 (8 sp.)

Espadarana Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (3 sp.)

Nymphargus Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid, 2007 (43 sp.)

Rulyrana Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (6 sp.)

Sachatamia Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (5 sp.)

Teratohyla Taylor, 1951 (5 sp.)

Vitreorana Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (10 sp.)

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