Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Hyalinobatrachium orientale (Rivero, 1968)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Centrolenidae > Subfamily: Hyalinobatrachinae > Genus: Hyalinobatrachium > Species: Hyalinobatrachium orientale

Centrolenella orientalis Rivero, 1968, Mem. Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle, 28: 308. Holotype: MCZ 72497, by original designation. Type locality: "Cerro Turumiquire, 1.200 m, Estados Sucre-Monagas, Venezuela".

Centrolenella orientalis orientalis — Hardy, 1984, Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc., 20: 165.

Centrolenella orientalis tobagoensis Hardy, 1984, Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc., 20: 165. Holotype: USNM 195045, by original designation. Type locality: "along the Roxborough--Partatuvier Road in the vicinity of Bloody Bay, St. John Parish, Tobago". Subspecies status rejected by Cannatella and Lamar, 1986, J. Herpetol., 20: 309.

Hyalinobatrachium orientalis — Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991, Lozania, 57: 24. Disagreement in gender.

Hyalinobatrachium orientale — Myers and Donnelly, 1997, Am. Mus. Novit., 3213: 16.

Hyalinobatrachium orientale tobagoensis — Murphy, 1997, Amph. Rept. Trinidad Tobago: 61.

Hyalinobatrachium orientale tobagoense — Frost, 2004, Amph. Spec. World, vers. 3.0: . Correction of gender of subspecies name.

Hyalinobatrachium orientale tobagense — Jowers, Lehtinen, Downie, Georgiadis, and Murphy, Mitochondrial DNA, 26: 5. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Common Names

Eastern Glass Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 47; Hedges, Powell, Henderson, Hanson, and Murphy, 2019, Caribb. Herpetol., 67: 9).

Distribution

Sierra de Lema and the Peninsula de Paria in the Venezuelan Guyana and Tobago I.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela

Comment

In the Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni group, according to Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991, Lozania, 57: 1-30. Cannatella and Lamar, 1986, J. Herpetol., 20: 307-317, rejected the recognition of subspecies. See redescription by Rivero, 1985, Brenesia, 23: 346. Gorzula and Señaris, 1999 "1998", Scient. Guaianae, 8: 22, noted geographic variation between the northern and southern populations. Barrio-Amorós, 1999 "1998", Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 18: 15, suggested that this is a complex of species. Murphy, 1997, Amph. Rept. Trinidad Tobago: 61, provided an account for Hyalinobatrachium orientale tobagense. Barrio-Amorós, 2004, Rev. Ecol. Lat. Am., 9: 6, reported on distribution and relevant literature, and suggested that Hyalinobatrachium orientale is a complex of species, with the nominate form being endemic to northeastern Venezuela in the states of Monagas and Sucre. Señaris and Ayarzagüena, 2005, Rev. Taxonom. Fam. Centrolenidae de Venezuela: 207-217, provided a review of the morphology, natural history, and range of this species (in the sense of including Hyalinobatrachium orocostale). See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 219. Castroviejo-Fisher, Señaris, Ayarzagüena, and Vilà, 2009 "2008", Herpetologica, 64: 472-484, reviewed the systematics of this species. Jowers, Lehtinen, Downie, Georgiadis, and Murphy, Mitochondrial DNA, 26: 613–618, on the basis of mtDNA analysis, that the Venezuela and Tobago population diverged ca. 3 mybp, warranting use of trinomials. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 25, for comments on range, taxonomy, and literature.

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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.