Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Hyalinobatrachium Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Centrolenidae > Subfamily: Hyalinobatrachinae > Genus: Hyalinobatrachium

35 species

Hyalinobatrachium Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991, Lozania, 57: 23. Type species: Hylella fleischmanni Boettger, 1893, by original designation.

English Names

Glass Frogs (Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 22; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 47; Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 14).

Neotropical Glass Frogs (Hedges, Powell, Henderson, Hanson, and Murphy, 2019, Caribb. Herpetol., 67: 9).

Distribution

Tropical Mexico to southeastern Brazil and Argentina.

Geographics occurrence

Natural resident: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela

Comment

See Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1998, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Exact. Fis. Nat., 22: 571-586, for discussion of phylogenetics and species groups. Savage, 2002, Amph. Rept. Costa Rica: 367-376, provided a key and accounts to the species of Costa Rica. Noonan and Bonett, 2003, J. Herpetol., 37: 91-97, compared the species of the Guiana Shield region. Duellman and Señaris, 2003, Herpetologica, 59: 251, refined the diagnosis of this taxon. Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid, 2006, Zootaxa, 1244: 1-32, discussed the evidence supporting the inferred monophyly of this group and cast doubt on its historical reality and rejected the separation of the Hyalinobatrachium peristictum group from the Hyalinobatrachium prosoblepon group. Guayasamin, Bustamante, Almeida-Reinoso, and Funk, 2006, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 147: 489-513, suggested that Hyalinobatrachium, and the Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni group, are monophyletic. Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid, 2007 "2006", Herpetotropicos, Mérida, 3: 21-28, discussed the group and rejected subgroupings. Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid, 2007, Zootaxa, 1572: 1-82, redelimited Hyalinobatrachium to be monophyletic by restricting it to the Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni group and excluding the Hyalinobatrachium parvulum group: Hyalinobatrachium eurygnathum, Hyalinobatrachium parvulum, and Hyalinobatrachium uranoscopum, currently unattached to any of the recognized genera. Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Ayarzagüena, Trueb, and Vilà, 2008, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 48: 574-595, recovered Hyalinobatrachium to be polyphyletic. Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009, Zootaxa, 2100: 1-97, redelimited Hyalinobatrachium to render it monophyletic and provided a phylogeny. Köhler, 2011, Amph. Cent. Am.: 120–125, compared the species of Central America and provided an identification key, maps, and photographs.

Contained taxa (35 sp.):

Hyalinobatrachium adespinosai Guayasamin, Vieira, Glor, and Hutter, 2019

Hyalinobatrachium anachoretus Twomey, Delia, and Castroviejo-Fisher, 2014

Hyalinobatrachium aureoguttatum (Barrera-Rodriguez and Ruiz-Carranza, 1989)

Hyalinobatrachium bergeri (Cannatella, 1980)

Hyalinobatrachium cappellei (Van Lidth de Jeude, 1904)

Hyalinobatrachium carlesvilai Castroviejo-Fisher, Padial, Chaparro, Aguayo-Vedia, and De la Riva, 2009

Hyalinobatrachium chirripoi (Taylor, 1958)

Hyalinobatrachium colymbiphyllum (Taylor, 1949)

Hyalinobatrachium dianae Kubicki, Salazar, and Puschendorf, 2015

Hyalinobatrachium duranti (Rivero, 1985)

Hyalinobatrachium esmeralda Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1998

Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni (Boettger, 1893)

Hyalinobatrachium fragile (Rivero, 1985)

Hyalinobatrachium guairarepanense Señaris, 2001

Hyalinobatrachium iaspidiense (Ayarzagüena, 1992)

Hyalinobatrachium ibama Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1998

Hyalinobatrachium kawense Castroviejo-Fisher, Vilà, Ayarzagüena, Blanc, and Ernst, 2011

Hyalinobatrachium mashpi Guayasamin, Brunner, Valencia-Aguilar, Franco-Mena, Ringler, Medina Armijos, Morochz, Bustamante, Maynard, and Culebras, 2022

Hyalinobatrachium mesai Barrio-Amorós and Brewer-Carias, 2008

Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii Señaris and Ayarzagüena, 2001

Hyalinobatrachium muiraquitan Oliveira and Hernández-Ruz, 2017

Hyalinobatrachium munozorum (Lynch and Duellman, 1973)

Hyalinobatrachium nouns Guayasamin, Brunner, Valencia-Aguilar, Franco-Mena, Ringler, Medina Armijos, Morochz, Bustamante, Maynard, and Culebras, 2022

Hyalinobatrachium orientale (Rivero, 1968)

Hyalinobatrachium orocostale (Rivero, 1968)

Hyalinobatrachium pallidum (Rivero, 1985)

Hyalinobatrachium pellucidum (Lynch and Duellman, 1973)

Hyalinobatrachium talamancae (Taylor, 1952)

Hyalinobatrachium tatayoi Castroviejo-Fisher, Ayarzagüena, and Vilà, 2007

Hyalinobatrachium taylori (Goin, 1968)

Hyalinobatrachium tricolor Castroviejo-Fisher, Vilà, Ayarzagüena, Blanc, and Ernst, 2011

Hyalinobatrachium valerioi (Dunn, 1931)

Hyalinobatrachium vireovittatum (Starrett and Savage, 1973)

Hyalinobatrachium viridissimum (Taylor, 1942)

Hyalinobatrachium yaku Guayasamin, Cisneros-Heredia, Maynard, Lynch, Culebras, and Hamilton, 2017

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