Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Aromobates leopardalis (Rivero, 1978)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Dendrobatoidea > Family: Aromobatidae > Subfamily: Aromobatinae > Genus: Aromobates > Species: Aromobates leopardalis

Colostethus leopardalis Rivero, 1978 "1976", Mem. Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle, 35: 327. Holotype: UPRM 5157, by original designation. Type locality: "Mucubají, 3300 m, Edo. Mérida, Venezuela".

Nephelobates leopardalis — La Marca, 1994, Inst. Geograf. Fac. Cienc. Forestal., Univ. Los Andes, An. Invest., 1991: 40. Combination made in error (E. La Marca, personal commun.).

Aromobates leopardalis — Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 299: 160.

English Names

Leopard Rocket Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 49).

Distribution

Páramo and subpáramohabitat in Sierra Nevada, Merida State, Venezuela, 2400–3300 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural resident: Venezuela

Endemic to the political unit: Venezuela

Comment

Related to Aromobates alboguttatus (as Colostethus) according to the original publication. Mijares-Urrutia, 1998, Rev. Biol. Tropical, 46: 119–143, characterized the larval morphology as part of a key to the tadpoles of the high elevation frogs in Venezuela. In the Colostethus alboguttatus group (Group VIII) of Rivero, 1990 "1988", Mem. Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle, 48: 3-32, although not transferred to Nephelobates by La Marca, 1994, Inst. Geograf. Fac. Cienc. Forestal., Univ. Los Andes, An. Invest., 1991 (the appearance of the combination "N. leopardalis" on page 40, was in error, and the species is not listed in the formal diagnosis of Nephelobates in the same paper; E. LaMarca, personal commun.). Barrio-Amorós and Fuentes-Ramos, 1999, Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 19: 2, considered this species to be a Colostethus (sensu lato). Previously, Barrio-Amorós, 1999 "1998", Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 18: 17, suggested that this species might be associated with Mannophryne. Barrio-Amorós, 2004, Rev. Ecol. Lat. Am., 9: 7, reported on distribution and relevant literature. See map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status (as Colostethus leopardalis) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 224. Gross, 2009 "2008", Herpetotropicos, Mérida, 5: 9-20, provided evidence of the extinction of this species. Barrio-Amorós and Santos, 2012, Zootaxa, 3422: 26, noted the apparent disappearance from habitat. Sánchez, 2013, Zootaxa, 3637: 569–591, provided information on larval morphology. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 40–42, for comments on range, taxonomy, and literature.

External links:

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For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.