Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Hyloxalus subpunctatus (Cope, 1899)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Dendrobatoidea > Family: Dendrobatidae > Subfamily: Hyloxalinae > Genus: Hyloxalus > Species: Hyloxalus subpunctatus

Prostherapis subpunctatus Cope, 1899, Philadelphia Mus. Sci. Bull., 1: 5. Holotype: "No. 77" (of 8 specimens, although only one set of measurements given, implying a holotype and paratypes were intended), in the Commercial Museum of Philadelpha; existence of a single holotype suggested by the statement "the type specimen of P. subpunctatus, which was in the collection of The Conmmercial Museums, Philadelphia, has disintegrated, so that one must rely upon the published description", by Ruthven and Gaige, 1915, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 10: 1. Dunn, 1944, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Exact. Fis. Nat., 6: 69, suggested that the original specimens "founds its way to the Commercial Museum of Philadelphia where it remained for about 20 years, at which time it was purchased by the American Museum of Natural History" (AMNH). If they are there now (unlikely), they remain unrecognized as Cope's types. Type locality: "neighborhood of Bogota", Departamento Cundinamarca, Colombia.

Prostherapis variabilis Werner, 1899, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 49: 473. Syntypes: (formerly ZIUG) ZFMK 28134 (Bogota), 28135–38 (Fusagasuga), 28138–39 (Alto de Sibate), according to Böhme, 2014, Mertensiella, 21: 105, and BMNH 1947.2.14.9–11 (formerly 1900.2.7.1–3, presumably on exchange from ZIUG), according to museum records. Type localities: All in Colombia, Cundinamarca—"Alto von Sibaté, 2800 m"; "Tierra Negra, Fusagasugá, 28030–2300 m"; "Boquerón von Bogotá"; "La Unión, Chingasa, 1000–2400 m"; "Páramo von Bogotó (Weg nach Choachí)"; "Páramo von Fusagasugá"'; "über Botota, 2700 m.". Synonymy by Boulenger, 1900, Zool. Rec., 36: 27; Barbour and Noble, 1920, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63: 401; Dunn, 1944, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Exact. Fis. Nat., 6: 79.

Prostherapis tarsalis Werner, 1916, Zool. Anz., 47: 303. Holotype: Brünn Landsmuseum, by original designation; current status unknown. Type locality: "Bogota", Cundinamarca, Colombia. Synonymy by Dunn, 1944, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Exact. Fis. Nat., 6: 79; Cochran and Goin, 1970, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 288: 62.

Phyllobates subpunctatus — Barbour and Noble, 1920, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63: 402.

Phyllobates subpunctatus subpunctatus — Cochran and Goin, 1970, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 288: 62.

Phyllobates subpunctatus walesi Cochran and Goin, 1970, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 288: 65. Holotype: CAS-SU 20290, by original designation. Type locality: "Laguna de Tota, Boyacá, Colombia, collected from under rocks along northeast shore of the lake at about 1,000 feet".

Colostethus subpunctatus — Edwards, 1971, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 84: 148.

Colostethus variabilis — Edwards, 1971, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 84: 148.

Hyloxalus subpunctatus — Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 299: 169.

Common Names

Bogota Rocket Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 49).

Distribution

Interandean slopes of the Cordillera Oriental in northern Colombia (Boyacá, Meta, and Cundinamarca), 2100–3500 m.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Colombia

Endemic: Colombia

Comment

See Cochran and Goin, 1970, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 288: 65, for subspecies (2). Lynch and Renjifo, 2001, Guia Anf. Rept. Bogota: 44, presented a brief account and photograph. In the Hyloxalus bocagei clade of Páez-Vacas, Coloma, and Santos, 2010, Zootaxa, 2711: 62. Anganoy-Criollo, 2013, Pap. Avulsos Zool., São Paulo, 53: 211–224, provided information on larval morphology.

External links:

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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.