Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Hoplobatrachus litoralis Hasan, Kuramoto, Islam, Alam, Khan, and Sumida, 2012

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Dicroglossidae > Subfamily: Dicroglossinae > Genus: Hoplobatrachus > Species: Hoplobatrachus litoralis

Hoplobatrachus litoralis Hasan, Kuramoto, Islam, Alam, Khan, and Sumida, 2012, Zootaxa, 3312: 47. Holotype: IABHU 3993, by original designation. Type locality: "Teknaf, Cox’s Bazar district (20° 52′ N, 92° 18′ E, > 5 m asl.), Bangladesh".

Common Names

Bangladesh Bull Frog (Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Deepak, and Kulkarni, 2023, Fauna India Checklist, vers. 5.0 : 3).

Distribution

Known from India (West Bengal [Khordanahala District], Tripura, Mizoram [Dampa Tiger Reserve], Manipur, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh) to extreme southeastern coastal Bangladesh (Ukhia, Teknaf Upazila and Cox's Bazar), and from Rakhine State to Mon and northern Tanintharyi, Myanmar; Samtse District, Bhutan; and Baoshan City, western Yunnan, China.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Bangladesh, China, People's Republic of, India, Myanmar

Comment

The sister taxon of Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, according to the original publication. Mondal, Purkayastha, and Chaudhuri, 2018, Herpetol. Rev., 49: 500, reported the species from West Bengal, India. Bohra, Bhattacharjee, Khan, and Purkayastha, 2019, Herpetol. Rev., 50: 521, provided a record from the state of Assam, India. Kundu, Lalremsanga, Purkayastha, Biakzuala, and Chandra, 2020, MtDNA, Part B, 5: 2668–2672, provided the Mizoram, India, record and discussed the literature and range of this species. Al-Razi, Alam, Hossain, Neogi, and Baki, 2017, IRCF Rept. & Amph., 24: 162–167, provided a record from Saint Martin's Island, Cox's Bazar, southeastern Bangladesh. Hasan, Islam, Khan, Wanichanon, Kurabayashi, and Sumida, 2017, Asian Herpetol. Res., 8: 27–38, reported on crossing experiments with Hoplobatrachus chinensis (as Hoplobatrachus rugulosus) and Hoplobatrachus tigerinus. Purkayastha and Basak, 2018, Hamadryad, 38: 25–26, provided a record from Tripura, northeastern India, and described the specimens and habitat. Wangyal, Bower, Sherub, Tshewang, Wangdi, Rinchen, Puntsho, Tashi, Koirala, Bhandari, Phuntsho, Koirala, Ghalley, Chaida, Tenzin, Powrel, Tshewang, Raika, Jamtsho, Kinley, Gyeltshen, Tashi, Nidup, Wangdi, Phuentsho, Norbu, Wangdi, Wangchuk, Tobgay, Dorji, and Das, 2020, Herpetol. Rev., 51: 793, identified a photograph of this species from Bhutan. Decemson, Gouda, Lalbiakzuala, Lalmuansanga, Hmar, Mathipi, and Lalremsanga, 2021, J. Threatened Taxa, 13: 17918–17929, reported the species from the Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, India. Lalremsanga, Muansanga, Biakzuala, Decemson, Malsawmdawngliana, Rinsanga, Colney, and Mathipi, 2022, Reptiles & Amphibians, 29: 237–240, provided a dot map for India as well as a number of new records from Mizoram and Manipur, northeastern India. Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 20, briefly discussed identification, habitat, and range within Myanmar. Liu, Hou, Rao, and Li, 2023, Herpetozoa, Wien, 31: 31–39, reported the species, genetically confirmed, from Baoshan City, western Yunnan, China. Nath, Gurumayum, Lalremsanga, and Khongsai, 2024, Asian J. Conserv. Biol., 13: 12–15, reported the species from the Senki Valley of the Itanagar Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, India, and detailed its adult morphology and natural history.

External links:

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

For access to general information see Wikipedia
For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For additional information specific to China see Amphibia China