Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Nanorana arnoldi (Dubois, 1975)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Dicroglossidae > Subfamily: Dicroglossinae > Genus: Nanorana > Species: Nanorana arnoldi

Rana (Paa) arnoldi Dubois, 1975, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 3, Zool., 324: 1093. Holotype: BMNH 1940.6.2.90, by original designation. Type locality: "Pangnamdim, Nam Tamai Valley, Triangle, nord de la Birmani, 27° 42′ N, 97° 54′ E, altitude environ 910 m (3000 ft.)".

Rana (Paa) arnoldi — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 43.

Paa (Paa) arnoldi — Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 320.

Nanorana arnoldi — Chen, Murphy, Lathrop, Ngo, Orlov, Ho, and Somorjai, 2005, Herpetol. J., 15: 239, by implication; Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 367.

Chaparana (Paa) arnoldi — Ohler and Dubois, 2006, Zoosystema, 28: 781.

Maculopaa arnoldi — Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Herpetol. Sinica, 12: 26. See comment under Dicroglossidae.

Nanorana arnoldi — Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 23.

Nanorana (Paa) arnoldi — Tang, Liu, and Yu, 2023, Animals, 13(3427): 17.

Common Names

Arnold's Paa Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 102; Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Gururaja, and Bhatta, 2009, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occas. Pap., 302: 30).

Arnold's Mountain Frog (Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 23).

Arnold's Hill Frog (Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Deepak, and Kulkarni, 2023, Fauna India Checklist, vers. 5.0 : 4).

Distribution

Northeastern India (Darjeeling region, West Bengal; Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh); northern Myanmar (Kachin), 910–2080 m elevation. Presence in Nepal (and likely India) requires confirmation. See comment addressing the confusing literature of this species.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: India, Myanmar

Likely/Controversially Present: Nepal

Comment

See Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 43, and Dubois, 1980, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 49: 142–147.See comment under Paa maculosa. Anders, 2002, in Schleich and Kästle (eds.), Amph. Rept. Nepal: 265–268, provided an account for the Nepal population but this species was not included in the summary of Nepal amphibians bu Khatiwada, Wang, Zhao, Xie, and Jiang, 2021, Asian Herpetol. Res., 12: 1–35, suggesting that this component of the range has been reassigned to another taxon, although which is unclear at the moment. See statement of geographic range, habitat, and conservation status (as Paa annandalii) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 630. Not addressed, and therefore not assigned to subgenus, by Che, Zhou, Hu, Papenfuss, Wake, and Zhang, 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107: 13765–13770, and Che, Zhou, Hu, Papenfuss, Wake, and Zhang, 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Suppl. Inform., doi:10.1073/pnas.1008415107/-/DCSupplemental: 2. Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Gururaja, and Bhatta, 2009, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occas. Pap., 302: 30, reported the species from West Bengal, Meghalaya, and Uttar Pradesh, India. Che, Jiang, Yan, and Zhang, 2020, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 256, noted that records from Xizang, China, apply to Nanorana chayuensis. Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 23, briefly discussed identification, habitat, and range in Myanmar. Records of Nanorana arnoldi from Yunnan, China, were reassigned to Nanorana chayuensis by Che, Hu, Zhou, Murphy, Papenfuss, Chen, Rao, Li, and Zhang, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 50: 59–73, according to Yuan, Chen, Wu, Li, and Che, 2022, Biodiversity Sci., 30 (4: 21470): 6.

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