Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Nanorana rarica (Dubois, Matsui, and Ohler, 2001)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Dicroglossidae > Subfamily: Dicroglossinae > Genus: Nanorana > Species: Nanorana rarica

Rana (Paa) rara Dubois and Matsui, 1983, Copeia, 1983: 895. Holotype: MNHNP 1981.1001, by original designation. Type locality: "in Lake Rara (Rara Daha), Western Nepal, 29° 31′ N, 82° 05′ E, altitude 2990 m". Preoccupied by Rana danubina var. rara Fraas, 1903, Jahresheft. Ver. Vaterland. Naturkd. Württemberg, 26: 145 [fossil taxon].

Rana (Paa) rara — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 43.

Paa (Paa) rara — Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 320.

Paa (Paa) rarica Dubois, Matsui, and Ohler, 2001, Alytes, 19: 4. Replacement name for Rana (Paa) rara Dubois and Matsui, 1983.

Nanorana rarica — Chen, Murphy, Lathrop, Ngo, Orlov, Ho, and Somorjai, 2005, Herpetol. J., 15: 239, by implication; Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 367.

Chaparana (Paa) rarica — Ohler and Dubois, 2006, Zoosystema, 28: 781.

Paa rarica — Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Herpetol. Sinica, 12: 26.

Nanorana (Paa) rarica — Hofmann, Jablonski, Litvinchuk, Masroor, and Schmidt, 2021, PeerJ, 9 (e11793): 11.

Common Names

Rara Paa Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 103; Schleich, Anders, and Kästle, 2002, in Schleich and Kästle (eds.), Amph. Rept. Nepal: 80).

Rara Lake Frog (Shrestha, 2001, Herpetol. Nepal: 88).

Distribution

At around 3000 m elevation in the western third of Nepal.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Nepal

Endemic: Nepal

Comment

Anders, 2002, in Schleich and Kästle (eds.), Amph. Rept. Nepal: 283-286, provided an account for the Nepal population. See brief account (as Rana rara) by Shrestha, 2001, Herpetol. Nepal: 88. Das and Dutta, 2007, Hamadryad, 31: 154–181, noted two larval descriptions of varying levels of completeness in the literature. Not addressed, and therefore not assigned to subgenus, by Che, Zhou, Hu, Papenfuss, Wake, and Zhang, 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107: 13765-13770, and Che, Zhou, Hu, Papenfuss, Wake, and Zhang, 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Suppl. Inform., doi:10.1073/pnas.1008415107/-/DCSupplemental: 2. See Shah and Tiwari, 2004, Herpetofauna Nepal: 67, for brief account (as Paa rarica). Khatiwada, Wang, Zhao, Xie, and Jiang, 2021, Asian Herpetol. Res., 12: 1–35, did not include the species in their report on the amphibians of Nepal. Shrestha, Suwal, Pandey, Das, Manandhar, Karmacharya, Ohler, Dubois, and O'Connell, 2022, Zootaxa, 5168: 222–236, genetically confirmed a record from Rara Lake National Park, Mugu district of Karnali Province, western Nepal.

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For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
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