Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Ptychohyla Taylor, 1944

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hylidae > Subfamily: Hylinae > Genus: Ptychohyla

6 species

Ptychohyla Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 30: 41. Type species: Ptychohyla adipoventris Taylor, 1944 (= Hyla leonhardschultzei Ahl, 1934), by original designation.

Common Names

Mountain Stream Frogs (Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 26; Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 21).

Stream Frogs (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 63).

Distribution

Moderate elevations of southern Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca) southeastward in Central America to central Nicaragua.

Comment

Genus redefined by Campbell and Smith, 1992, Herpetologica, 48: 153-167. Duellman, 2001, Hylid Frogs Middle Am., Ed. 2: 1000-1026, provided a cladogram and accounts for the species. McCranie and Wilson, 2002, Amph. Honduras: 311-324, provided accounts for the species of Honduras. In the Hylini of Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 98. Wiens, Fetzner, Parkinson, and Reeder, 2005, Syst. Biol., 54: 25, regarded Ptychohyla as part of their larger Hyla. Duellman, Marion, and Hedges, 2016, Zootaxa, 4104: 19, noted the paraphyly of this genus but pending further resolution, avoided placing Bromeliohyla and Duellmanohyla in synonymy. Redelimited and revised by Faivovich, Pereyra, Luna, Hertz, Blotto, Vásquez-Almazán, McCranie, Sánchez, Baêta, Araujo-Vieira, Köhler, Kubicki, Campbell, Frost, Wheeler, and Haddad, 2018, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 13: 1–32. Portik, Streicher, and Wiens, 2023, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 188 (107907): 47, 67, suggested on the basis of their molecular study that Ptychohyla is paraphyletic with respect to Atlantihyla, Bromeliohyla, and Duellmanohyla, apparently ignoring the fact of the reassignment (among their terminals) of Ptychohyla salvadorensis and Ptychohyla legleri to Duellmanohyla and the recognition of Quilticohyla for Ptychohyla sanctaecrucis (among others) by Faivovich, Pereyra, Luna, Hertz, Blotto, Vásquez-Almazán, McCranie, Sánchez, Baêta, Araujo-Vieira, Köhler, Kubicki, Campbell, Frost, Wheeler, and Haddad, 2018, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 13: 22–23. Once the Portik et al. tree is relabeled no non-monophyly is found in this group.

Contained taxa (6 sp.):

Ptychohyla dendrophasma (Campbell, Smith, and Acevedo, 2000)

Ptychohyla euthysanota (Kellogg, 1928)

Ptychohyla hypomykter McCranie and Wilson, 1993

Ptychohyla leonhardschultzei (Ahl, 1934)

Ptychohyla macrotympanum (Tanner, 1957)

Ptychohyla zophodes Campbell and Duellman, 2000

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