Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Leiopelma Fitzinger, 1861

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Leiopelmatidae > Genus: Leiopelma

4 species

Leiopelma Fitzinger, 1861, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 11: 218. Type species: Leiopelma hochstetteri Fitzinger, 1861, by monotypy.

Liopelma — Günther, 1869 "1868", Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1868: 478. Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 447. Unjustified emendation of Leiopelma Fitzinger, 1861. Placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology by Opinion, 1071, Anonymous, 1977, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 33: 167.

Leioaspetos Wells and Wellington, 1985, Aust. J. Herpetol., Suppl. Ser., 1: 62. Type species: Liopelma hamiltoni McCulloch, 1919, by original designation. Synonymy by acclamation. See Tyler, 1985, Herpetol. Rev., 16: 69; Australian Society of Herpetologists, 1987, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 44: 116-121; Tyler, 1988, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 45: 152; Holthius, 1988, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 45 and decision by ICZN (Anonymous, 1991, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 48: 337-338).

English Names

New Zealand Frogs (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 76; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 70).

Distribution

New Zealand.

Comment

A review of Leiopelma systematics was provided by Bell, 1982, in Newman (ed.), New Zealand Wildlife Serv. Occas Publ., 2: 27-89. Mittleman and Myers, 1949, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 62: 57-68, noted that the correct spelling of the generic name is Leiopelma, not Liopelma. Daugherty, Bell, Adams, and Maxson, 1981, New Zealand J. Zool., 8: 543-550, discussed phylogeny and biogeography of the species. Stephenson, Robinson, and Stephenson, 1972, Canad. J. Genet. Cytol., 14: 691-702, and Stephenson, Robinson, and Stephenson, 1974, Experientia, 30: 1248-1250, reported on karyotypic variation. Holyoake, Waldman, and Gemmell, 2001, Animal Conserv., 4: 29-35, discussed the phylogenetics of the group, suggested relationships of Leiopelma hochstetteri + (Leiopelma archeyi + (Leiopelma pakeka + Leiopelma hamiltoni)). Carr, McLenachan, Waddell, Gemmell, and Penny, 2015, J. Biogeograph., 42:1066–1076, reported on divergence dates within th genus, suggesting that the basal split within Leiopelma was ca. 65 mypb and from Ascaphus, around 150 mybp.

Contained taxa (4 sp.):

Leiopelma archeyi Turbott, 1942

Leiopelma hamiltoni McCulloch, 1919

Leiopelma hochstetteri Fitzinger, 1861

Leiopelma pakeka Bell, Daugherty, and Hay, 1998

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