Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Pleurodema brachyops (Cope, 1869)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Leptodactylidae > Subfamily: Leiuperinae > Genus: Pleurodema > Species: Pleurodema brachyops

Physodes albiventris Jan, 1857, Cenni Mus. Civ. Milano: 52. Type(s): MSNM Am 859, according to Blackburn and Scali, 2014, Herpetol. Monogr., 28: 40. Type locality: "Brasile". Nomen nudum attributed to Fitzinger and Tschudi, presumably label names. See discussion and synonymy by Blackburn and Scali, 2014, Herpetol. Monogr., 28: 40.

Pleurodema elegans Steindachner, 1863, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Phys. Math. Naturwiss. Kl., 48: 186. Syntypes: NHMW 4432.1–5, according to Häupl, Tiedemann, and Grillitsch, 1994, Kat. Wiss. Samml. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 9: 31. Type locality: "Lachen bei Forte [= Forte São Joaquim]de Rio branco", Roraima, Brazil. Primary homonym of Pleurodema elegans Bell, 1843. Synonymy by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 232. Junior objective homonym of Pleurodema elegans Bell, 1843.

Lystris brachyops Cope, 1869 "1868", Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 20: 312. Syntypes: ANSP 2260ˆ64, according to Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 349. Type locality: "Magdalena River, New Grenada [= Colombia]".

Pleurodema sachsi Peters, 1877, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1877: 460. Holotype: ZMB 9094 according to Bauer, Günther, and Klipfel, 1995, in Bauer et al. (eds.), Herpetol. Contr. W.C.H. Peters: 46. Type locality: "San Fernando de Apure", Venezuela. Synonymy by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 232.

Paludicola brachyops — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 232.

Pleurodema brachyops — Ruthven, 1922, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 8: 53; Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 499; Rivero, 1961, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 126: 88.

Paludicola sachsi — Stejneger, 1933, Medd. Zool. Mus. Oslo, 40: 48.

Common Names

Colombian Four-eyed Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 84).

Stout Four-eyed Frog (Hedges, Powell, Henderson, Hanson, and Murphy, 2019, Caribb. Herpetol., 67: 14).

Distribution

Guyana and northern Brazil (Roraima) through Venezuela (including Isla Margarita) and northern Colombia into Panama in dry llanos and savanna areas; also introduced into Curaçao, Aruba, Bonaire, Klein Bonaire, and St. Martin in the Netherlands Antilles.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Aruba, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Panama, Venezuela

Introduced: Bonaire, Curaçao, Saint-Martin/Sint Maarten

Comment

See accounts by Rivero, 1961, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 126: 88; and Cochran and Goin, 1970, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 288: 483–486. Gorzula and Señaris, 1999 "1998", Scient. Guaianae, 8: 80, discussed range with special reference to Venezuela. Barrio-Amorós, 1999 "1998", Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 18: 49, commented on the Venezuelan range. Ugueto and Rivas-Fuenmayor, 2010, Amph. Rep. Margarita Coche Cubagua: 77–79, provided an account for the population on the Venezuelan island of Margarita. See Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch, and Lathrop, 2013, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 125: 429, for brief account and records for Guyana. Köhler, 2011, Amph. Cent. Am.: 274–275, provided a brief summary of natural history, photograph, and range map for Central America. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 99–100, for comments on range (with special reference to Venezuela) and literature. See brief comments on range and natural history by Batista, Hertz, Ponce, and Lotzkat, 2020, Herpetol. Notes, 13: 219–229. Hernández-Palma, Rueda-Solano, and Rojas, 2020, Catal. Anf. Rept. Colombia, Medellín, 6: 27–35, provided a detailed literature review and account for Colombia, including photographs, map, and natural history. Janse, Schotsmans, Yokoyama, Chalifour, and van Wagensveld, 2020, IRCF Rept. & Amph., 27: 251–252, noted an introduced population on St. Martin, Netherlands Antilles.

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For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.