Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Pseudopaludicola boliviana Parker, 1927

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Leptodactylidae > Subfamily: Leiuperinae > Genus: Pseudopaludicola > Species: Pseudopaludicola boliviana

Pseudopaludicola boliviana Parker, 1927, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 9, 20: 455. Holotype: BMNH 1927.8.1.1, by original designation; renumbered BM 1947.2.18.3 according to museum records. Type locality: "Sta. Cruz, Bolivia".

Pseudopaludicola mirandae Mercadal de Barrio and Barrio, 1994, Rev. Mus. Argent. Cienc. Nat. Bernardino Rivadavia, Cienc. Zool., 16: 72. Holotype: MACN (formerly CENAI 6043), acccording to Cardozo and Lobo, 2009, J. Herpetol., 43: 685–687. Type locality: "Itá-Ibaté, Corrientes, República Argentina". Synonymy by Cardozo and Lobo, 2009, J. Herpetol., 43: 685–687.

Common Names

Bolivian Swamp Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 84).

Distribution

Disjunct regions of eastern Colombia, northern Brazil (Roraima, Amapá, and Pará), and Amazonian Venezuela through southern Guyana to southwestern Suriname; western non-Andean Bolivia, Paraguay, and into northern Argentina. Presumably to be found in southeastern Peru.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Paraguay, Suriname, Venezuela

Comment

In the Pseudopaludicola pusilla group of Lynch, 1989, Copeia, 1989: 577–588. De la Riva, Köhler, Lötters, and Reichle, 2000, Rev. Esp. Herpetol., 14: 45, noted that the two populations, separated by the Amazon Basin, might well represent distinct species and Myers and Donnelly, 2001, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 261: 45, suggested that two species existed under this name in Venezuela and discussed the relevant specimens. Lobo, 1990, Herpetol. Rev., 21: 38, provided the first record for Argentina (Chaco Province). Lobo, 1994, Cuad. Herpetol., 8: 231, provided records for Paraguay and Brazil, and Alcalde and Williams, 2004, Cuad. Herpetol., 18: 75–76. provided records in Argentina (Corrientes Province). Márquez, De la Riva, and Bosch, 1995, J. Zool., London, 237: 313–336, reported on vocalization in Bolivia. Barrio-Amorós, 1999 "1998", Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 18: 50, noted previous confusion with Physalaemus pusilla in Venezuela. Brusquetti and Lavilla, 2006, Cuad. Herpetol., 20: 18, briefly discussed the range in Paraguay. Cardozo and Lobo, 2009, J. Herpetol., 43: 685–687, discussed morphological variation. Jansen, Bloch, Schulze, and Pfenninger, 2011, Zool. Scripta, 40: 567–583, suggested on the basis of molecular data the existence of an unnamed cryptic species in Bolivia (now apparently named Pseudopaludicola motorzinho). Alcalde and Barrasso, 2013, Amphibia-Reptilia, 34: 129–135, compared the internal larval anatomy of Pseudopaludicola boliviana and Pseudopaludicola falcipes. Brusquetti and Lavilla, 2006, Cuad. Herpetol., 20: 18, briefly discussed the range in Paraguay of nominal Pseudopaludicola falcipes, but subsequently, Langone, Lavilla, de Sá, and Cardozo, 2015, Zootaxa, 4058: 145–150, regarded these to be Pseudopaludicola boliviana. Weiler, Núñez, Airaldi, Lavilla, Peris, and Baldo, 2013, Anf. Paraguay: 109, provided a brief account, image, and dot map for Paraguay. Records in Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and Santa Cruz, Bolivia, are likely referable to the newly named Pseudopaludicola motorzinho. Pansonato, Veiga-Menoncello, Mudrek, Jansen, Recco-Pimentel, Martins, and Strüssmann, 2016, Herpetologica, 72: 246, provided a range map. Costa-Campos, Carvalho, and Freire, 2016, Check List, 12(6: Art. 1991): 1–5, provided a record for the state of Amapá, Brazil, and commented on the advertisement call and range. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 100–101, for comments on range (with special reference to Venezuela) and literature. Andrade, Haga, Lyra, Gazoni, Zaracho, Haddad, Toledo, and Giaretta, 2022, Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ., 57: 66–82, revised the range. Taucce, Costa-Campos, Carvalho, and Michalski, 2022, Eur. J. Taxon., 836: 96–130, reported on distribution, literature, and conservation status for Amapá, Brazil.

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