Search tool |
Example of search string in box |
What that means to the database |
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string |
Hyl* |
Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla. |
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string |
*Hyla |
Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla |
|
Hyla |
Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor |
Strings of words without quotation marks |
Lithobates pipiens |
Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens |
Strings of word with quotation marks |
"Lithobates pipiens" |
Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex. |
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND |
Lithobates AND pipiens |
Same as "Lithobates pipiens" |
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR |
Lithobates OR "Costa Rica" |
Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica |
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks) |
Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri |
Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records |
Printable HELP file |
Search tool |
Example of search string in box |
What that means to the database |
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string |
Hyl* |
Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla. |
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string |
*Hyla |
Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla |
Single word |
Hyla |
Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor |
Strings of words without quotation marks |
Lithobates pipiens |
Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens |
Strings of word with quotation marks |
"Lithobates pipiens" |
Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex. |
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND |
Lithobates AND pipiens |
Same as "Lithobates pipiens" |
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR |
Lithobates OR "Costa Rica" |
Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica |
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks) |
Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri |
Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records |
Printable HELP file |
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Pseudopaludicola Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926
26 species
Common Names
Dwarf Swamp Frogs (Cochran, 1961, Living Amph. World: 92).
Swamp Frogs (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 84).
Distribution
Northern and central South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana, southwestern Surinam, northeastern Peru, eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, much of Brazil and northern eastern and central Argentina and Uruguay.
Comment
Closely related to Physalaemus and Pleurodema, according to Cei, 1980, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Monogr., 2: 410. See comment under Physalaemus. Species reviewed by Lynch, 1989, Copeia, 1989: 577–588, who defined and discussed phylogenetic relationships within the monophyletic Pseudopaludicola pusilla group noted in the accounts below. See Lobo, 1995, Cuad. Herpetol., 9: 21–43, for a phylogenetic analysis and key. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543–583, suggested that Pseudopaludicola is the sister taxon of remaining leiuperines. Alcalde and Barrasso, 2013, Amphibia-Reptilia, 34: 129–135, compared the internal larval anatomy of Pseudopaludicola boliviana and Pseudopaludicola falcipes. Veiga-Menoncello, Lourenço, Strüssmann, Rossa-Feres, Andrade, Giaretta, and Recco-Pimentel, 2014, Zool. Scripta, 43: 261–272, employing a molecular dataset recovered the Pseudopaludicola as monophyletic, organized into four major clades and corroborated the previous morphological proposal that the assemblage of species that lack a T-form phalange is paraphyletic in relation to the Pseudopaludicola pusilla group. Cardozo, Boeris, Ferro, Borteiro, Kolenc, Suárez, Netto, Brusquetti, and Baldo, 2016, Salamandra, 52: 11–22, reported on karyological evolution within the genus. Grosso, Baldo, Cardozo, Kolenc, Borteiro, Oliveira, Bonino, Barrasso, and Vera Candioti, 2019, PLoS One, 14(6: e0218733): 1–37, reported on the phylogenetics and ontogenetics of early larval development in the genus. Andrade, Haga, Lyra, Carvalho, Haddad, Giaretta, and Toledo, 2020, Eur. J. Taxon., 679: 1–36, reported on molecular phylogenetics within the genus and call and morphological differences among the species close to Pseudopaludicola canga.
Contained taxa (26 sp.):
Pseudopaludicola jaredi Andrade, Magalhães, Nunes-de-Almeida, Veiga-Menoncello, Santana, Garda, Loebmann, Recco-Pimentel, Giaretta, and Toledo, 2016
External links:
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For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
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For images search
CalPhoto Images
and Google Images
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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see
GenBank
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For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see
iNaturalist