Scutiger mammatus (Günther, 1896)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Megophryidae > Subfamily: Leptobrachiinae > Genus: Scutiger > Species: Scutiger mammatus

Bufo mammatus Günther, 1896, Annu. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, 1: 208. Syntypes: ZISP 1968.1–2 and BMNH 1947.2.22.74; BMNH 1947.2.22.74 invalidly designated lectotype by implication by Noble, 1926, Am. Mus. Novit., 212: 5, and validly by Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 21, who discussed the provenance of the types. Type locality: "in the mountains and on the Plateau of Kham (Tung-so-lo)", Tungsolo, Sichuan, China. See Borkin and Matsui, 1987 "1986", in Anajeva and Borkin (eds.), Sistematika i ekologiia amfibii i reptilii: 52, for discussion of the type locality.

Aelurophryne mammata — Boulenger, 1919, Rec. Indian Mus., 16: 469; Stejneger, 1925, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus., 66: 10 (based on specimens of Scutiger boulengeri, according to Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 17); Noble, 1926, Am. Mus. Novit., 212: 6; Pope and Boring, 1940, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., 15: 27.

Cophophryne mammata — Procter, 1922, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 9, 9: 583–587, by implication.

Aelurophryne gigas Zarevskij, 1926 "1925", Annu. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. Leningrad, 26: 77. Syntypes: ZISP 2631.1–2; ZISP 2631.1 designated lectotype by Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 22. Type locality: "Cham-chu the river, Kham [Plateau]", Sichuan, China. Synonymy by XXX (not Liu, 1950, Fieldiana, Zool. Mem., 2); Zhao and Yang, 1997, Amph. Rept. Hengduan Mountains Region: 64.

Scutiger mammatus — Myers and Leviton, 1962, Copeia, 1962: 290.

Scutiger (Scutiger) mammatus — Dubois, 1980, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 49: 478; Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 15.

Scutiger ruginosus Zhao and Jiang, 1982, Acta Herpetol. Sinica, Chengdu, N.S.,, 1 (1): 79. Holotype: CIB 80A0079, by original designation. Type locality: "Xinduqiao, Kangding, Sichuan, alt. 3400 m", China. Synonymy by Ye and Fei, 1993, Acta Zool. Sinica, 39: 443–446; Fei, Ye, and Chen, 1994, Collect. Art. 60th Anniv. Found. Zool. Soc. China: 57.

Scutiger (Aelurophryne) mammatus — Fei, Ye, and Li, 1989, Acta Zool. Sinica, 35: 387; Ye and Fei, 1993, Acta Zool. Sinica, 39: 444; Ye, Fei, and Hu, 1993, Rare and Economic Amph. China 140; Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2006, Alytes, 24: 13.

Common Names

Tungsolo Lazy Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 86; Li, Zhao, and Dong, 2010, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 18).

Chest Spiny Cat-eyed Toad (Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 88).

Spiny-chest Cat-eyed Toad (Fei and Ye, 2016, Amph. China, 1: 560). 

Distribution

Eastern Tibet (Baxoi, Qamdo, Jomda, Markam, Riwoqe, and Zayu counties), Qinghai (Baima, Nangqen, and Yushu counties), Sichuan (Dege, Baitang, Kangding, and Luhuo counties), and Yunnan (Deqen County), China.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: China, People's Republic of

Endemic: China, People's Republic of

Comment

In the Scutiger (Scutiger) mammatus group according to Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 22, who provided a brief taxonomic account. Discussed by Liu, 1950, Fieldiana, Zool. Mem., 2: 120–125, and Liu and Hu, 1961, Tailless Amph. China: 106–108. Former Kashmir specimens allocated to Scutiger occidentalis Dubois, 1978. See accounts by Yang, 1991, Amph. Fauna of Yunnan: 87–90; Ye, Fei, and Hu, 1993, Rare and Economic Amph. China 140, and Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 88–89. Fei and Ye, 2001, Color Handbook Amph. Sichuan: 132–133, provided a brief account and illustration. See also brief account by Zhao and Yang, 1997, Amph. Rept. Hengduan Mountains Region: 64–65 (as Scutiger mammatus and Scutiger ruginosus). Li, Lu, Li, Zhao, Hou, and Zhang, 2005, Sichuan J. Zool., 24: 247, provided additional localities in Xizang. Yang, 2008, in Yang and Rao (ed.), Amph. Rept. Yunnan: 44–45, provided a brief account. See map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status (as Scutiger ruginosus) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 443. Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 2: 218–226, provided an account and spot map. Chen, Bi, and Fu, 2009, Mol. Ecol., 18: 2856–2876, suggested on the basis of molecular evidence that nominal Scutiger mammatus is composed to two species, one of which is unnamed and most closely related to Scutiger tuberculatus. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 138–139, provided a brief account including photographs of specimens and habitat. Li, Zhao, and Dong, 2010, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 18–19, provided an account for Xizang, China. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2012, Colored Atlas Chinese Amph. Distr.: 164–165, provided an account, photographs, and a range map. Fei and Ye, 2016, Amph. China, 1: 560–562, provided an account, photograph, and spot map. See Khatiwada, Shu, Subedi, Wang, Ohler, Cannatella, Xie, and Jiang, 2019, Asian Herpetol. Res., 10: 139–157, for comments on morphology. See account for Tibet by Che, Jiang, Yan, and Zhang, 2020, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 75–80, and (p. 66) their molecular tree of Scutiger which suggests that this nominal species is composed of at least 2 (Sichuan versus Tibet), possibly 3 independent lineages.   

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