Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Megophrys montana Kuhl and Van Hasselt, 1822

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Megophryidae > Subfamily: Megophryinae > Genus: Megophrys > Species: Megophrys montana

Mogophrys montana Kuhl and Van Hasselt, 1822, Algemeene Konst-en Letter-Bode, 7: 102. Syntypes: RMNH 2212 (4 specimens) according to M.S. Hoogmoed In Matsui, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 415, MNHNP RA 0000.0802, RA 0000.1211, and ZFMK 8388 according to Böhme, 2014, Mertensiella, 21: 93–95. Type locality: "Pjihorjavor aan de voet van den Pangerango. En nog zijn wij geen 20 uren ver van Buitzenzorg gekomen", Java, Indonesia. See comment under Megophrys regarding spelling of generic name.

Megophrys monticola Kuhl and Van Hasselt, 1822, Isis von Oken, 10: 475. An incorrect original spelling of Megophrys montana according to Opinion 1763, Anonymous, 1994, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 51: 84-85.

Megophrys Kuhlii Gray, 1825, Ann. Philos., London, Ser. 2, 10: 214. Type(s): Probably NHMUK according to S. Mahony, personal comm. (11 August 2020). Type locality: "Java?". Synonymy by Dubois, 1982, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Sect. A, Zool., 4: 261–280.

Ceratophrys montana — Schlegel, 1826, Bull. Sci. Nat. Geol., Paris, Ser. 2, 9: 239; Schlegel, 1826, Isis von Oken, 20: 294; Gravenhorst, 1829, Delic. Mus. Zool. Vratislav., 1: 47; Schlegel, 1837, Abbild. Neuer Unvollst. Amph., 1: 29.

Megalophrys montana — Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 204; Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 458; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 442.

Megalophrys montana — Cantor, 1847, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16: 1061.

Megalophrys montana — Boulenger, 1908, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1908: 407.

Leptobrachium (Megalophrys) montana — Bourret, 1927, Fauna Indochine, Vert., 3: 260.

Leptobrachium (Megalophrys) monticola — Bourret, 1927, Fauna Indochine, Vert., 3: 260.

Megophrys monticola monticola — Inger, 1954, Fieldiana, Zool., 33: 222.

Megophrys (Megophrys) monticola — Dubois, 1980, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 49: 472.

Megophrys (Megophrys) montana — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 23; Mahony, Foley, Biju, and Teeling, 2017, Mol. Biol. Evol., 34: 754.

Megophrys montana — Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2006, Alytes, 24: 17.

Xenophrys montana — (in error) Chen, Zhou, Poyarkov, Stuart, Brown, Lathrop, Wang, Yuan, Jiang, Hou, Chen, Suwannapoom, Nguyen, Duong, Papenfuss, Murphy, Zhang, and Che, 2017, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 106: 41. Generic assignment in error, corrected to Megophrys montana in corrigendum, Chen, Zhou, Poyarkov, Stuart, Brown, Lathrop, Wang, Yuan, Jiang, Hou, Chen, Suwannapoom, Nguyen, Duong, Papenfuss, Murphy, Zhang, and Che, 2017, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 109: 466).

Common Names

Asian Spadefoot Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 86).

Nose-horned Frog (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 106).

Malayan Leaf Frog (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 106).

Asiatic horned Frog (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 106).

Montane Pelobatid Toad (Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 63).

Horned Frog (Iskandar, 1998, Amph. Java Bali: 37).

Distribution

Java and possibly western Sumatra, Indonesia; records from Thailand southeast to Sumatra, Natuna, and Borneo apply to related named and unnamed species.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Indonesia

Endemic: Indonesia

Comment

According to Dubois, 1982, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Sect. A, Zool., 4: 263-269, this name has priority over Megophrys monticola Kuhl and Van Hasselt, 1822, Isis von Oken, 10: 475, because of the action as first revisor by Gravenhorst, 1829, Delic. Mus. Zool. Vratislav., 1: 47. See account for Javan population in Liem, 1973 "1971", Philipp. J. Sci., 100: 138-140. Berry, 1975, Amph. Fauna Peninsular Malaysia: 39, discussed the Malaysian populations as Megophrys monticola. See account by Iskandar, 1998, Amph. Java Bali: 37-39. See brief account for East Java by Amin, 2020, Frogs of East Java: 46–49. Even though this species is the type of Megophrys, it was found to be imbedded within Xenophrys in the tree of Portik, Streicher, and Wiens, 2023, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 188 (107907): 12, who did not make the taxonomic remedy.

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