Xenophrys glandulosa (Fei, Ye, and Huang, 1990)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Megophryidae > Subfamily: Megophryinae > Genus: Xenophrys > Species: Xenophrys glandulosa

Megophrys glandulosa Fei, Ye, and Huang, 1990, Key to Chinese Amph.: 99, 273. Holotype: CIB 873112, by original designation; now renumbered CIB 24341, according to Lyu, Qi, Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Zeng, Wan, Yang, Mo, and Wang, 2023, Zool. Res., Kunming, 44: 404. Type locality: Wuliang Shan, Jingdong, Yunnan Province, 2100 m, China.

Megophrys (Xenophrys) glandulosa — Dubois and Ohler, 1998, Dumerilia, 4: 14; Mahony, Foley, Biju, and Teeling, 2017, Mol. Biol. Evol., 34: 755. 

Xenophrys glandulosa — Ohler, 2003, Alytes, 21: 23, by implication; Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2006, Alytes, 24: 17; Chen, Zhou, Poyarkov, Stuart, Brown, Lathrop, Wang, Yuan, Jiang, Hou, Chen, Suwannapoom, Nguyen, Duong, Papenfuss, Murphy, Zhang, and Che, 2017, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 106: 41; Lyu, Zeng, Wang, Liu, Huang, Li, and Wang, 2021, Zootaxa, 4927: 39.

Liuophrys glandulosa — Fei and Ye, 2016, Amph. China, 1 : 617.

Common Names

Jingdong Spadefoot Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 86).

Glandular Horned Toad (Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 108; Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Gururaja, and Bhatta, 2009, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occas. Pap., 302: 42; Mathew and Sen, 2010, Pict. Guide Amph. NE India: 54).

Glandular White-lipped Horned Frog (Mahony, Kamei, Teeling, and Biju, 2018, Zootaxa, 4523: 67). 

White-lipped Horned Toadfrog (Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 28). 

Distribution

Elevations of 1900–2500 m in western Yunnan, southwestern China, and in northern Kachin state, Myanmar; reports from northeastern India considered unreliable and the record from eastern Bhutan to be incorrect (see comment). 

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: China, People's Republic of, Myanmar

Comment

Redescribed by Fei, Ye, and Huang, 1992, Zool. Res., Kunming, 13: 5. Original description translated into English by Huang, Lathrop, and Murphy, 1998, Smithson. Herpetol. Inform. Serv., 118. Considered conspecific with Megophrys lateralis by Yang, Liu, Rao, and He, 1994, Zool. Res., Kunming, 15: 124–130. Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 108-109, provided a brief account, map, and figure. Fei and Ye, 2000, Cultum Herpetol. Sinica, 8: 59–63, discussed the distinctiveness of this taxon. Jiang, Yuan, Xie, and Zheng, 2003, Zool. Res., Kunming, 24: 241–248, suggested that this species might warrant a new generic name to prevent Brachytarsophrys and Atympanophrys from rendering Megophrys paraphyletic. Das and Dutta, 2007, Hamadryad, 31: 154–181, noted no larval descriptions in the literature. Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 2: 363–370, provided an account, illustration of the holotype, and spot map for China. Wogan, Vindum, Wilkinson, Koo, Slowinski, Win, Thin, Kyi, Oo, Lwin, and Shein, 2008, Hamadryad, 33: 84, provided the first record for Kachin state, Myanmar. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 189, provided a brief account including photographs. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2012, Colored Atlas Chinese Amph. Distr.: 222, provided an account, photographs, and a range map for China. Fei and Ye, 2016, Amph. China, 1 : 617–619, provided an account, photograph, and dot map for China, as Liuophrys glandulosa. See account by Mahony, Kamei, Teeling, and Biju, 2018, Zootaxa, 4523: 64–67, who redelimited the species and range and noted misidentifications in the literature, including those by Ao, Bordoloi, and Ohler, 2003, Zoos' Print J., 18: 1117–1125, who provided a specific locality for Nagaland, northeastern India; Mathew and Sen, 2010, Pict. Guide Amph. NE India: 54–55, who provided a brief characterization and photograph. Presumably the records for Nagaland and Meghalaya, northeastern India by Kharkongor, Saikia, and Deb, 2018, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 118: 48, are suspect as well. Wangyal, 2013, J. Threatened Taxa, 5: 4777, provided a record from Trashiyangtse District, eastern Bhutan (subsequently identified as Megophrys robusta by Mahony, Kamei, Teeling, and Biju, 2018, Zootaxa, 4523: 67). In the Xenophrys major group of Lyu, Zeng, Wang, Liu, Huang, Li, and Wang, 2021, Zootaxa, 4927: 9–40. Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 28, briefly discussed identification, habitat, and range in Myanmar. Lyu, Qi, Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Zeng, Wan, Yang, Mo, and Wang, 2023, Zool. Res., Kunming, 44: 404–405, provided an account and retained it in their Xenophrys major group.  

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