Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Philoria Spencer, 1901

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Myobatrachoidea > Family: Limnodynastidae > Genus: Philoria

7 species

Philoria Spencer, 1901, Proc. R. Soc. Victoria, 13: 176. Type species: Philoria frosti Spencer, 1901, by monotypy.

Kyarranus Moore, 1958, Am. Mus. Novit., 1919: 3. Type species: Kyarranus sphagnicolus Moore, 1958, by original designation. Cogger, Cameron, and Cogger, 1983, Zool. Cat. Aust., Amph. Rept., 1: 24; without discussion considered Kyarranus to be a junior synonym of Philoria. This was followed by Knowles, Mahony, Armstrong, and Donnellan, 2004, Rec. Aust. Mus., 56: 57-74.

Coplandia Wells and Wellington, 1985, Aust. J. Herpetol., Suppl. Ser., 1: 2. Type species: Kyarranus kundagungan Ingram and Corben, 1975, by original designation. Synonymy with Kyarranus by acclamation. See Tyler, 1985, Herpetol. Rev., 16: 69; Australian Society of Herpetologists, 1987, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 44: 116-121; Tyler, 1988, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 45: 152; Holthius, 1988, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 45 and decision by ICZN (Anonymous, 1991, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 48: 337-338).

Common Names

Baw Baw Frogs (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 95).

Sphagnum Frogs (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 94 (Kyarranus); Knowles, Mahony, Armstrong, and Donnellan, 2004, Rec. Aust. Mus., 56: 57 (for Philoria sensu lato)).

Distribution

New South Wales, Victoria, and and Queensland, Australia.

Comment

See Barker, Grigg, and Tyler, 1995, Field Guide Aust. Frogs., Ed. 2, for keys and accounts (as Philoria and Kyarranus). See Knowles, Mahony, Armstrong, and Donnellan, 2004, Rec. Aust. Mus., 56: 57-74, for a phylogenetic analysis, unfortunately, excluding the type species of Philoria (Philoria frosti), as did Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297, who considered this genus to be the sister taxon of all remaining limnodynastids. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543-583, suggested a phylogenetic position within lymnodynastids likely the sister taxon of Limnodynastes. Cogger, 2018, Rept. Amph. Australia, 7th ed.: 63–67, provided an identification key, brief accounts, photographs, and polygon distribution maps for the species. Mahony, Hines, Bertozzi, Bradford, Mahony, Newell, Clarke, and Donnellan, 2022, Zootaxa, 5104: 222, provided molecular trees of the species.

Contained taxa (7 sp.):

Philoria frosti Spencer, 1901

Philoria knowlesi Mahony, Hines, Mahony, and Donnellan, 2022

Philoria kundagungan (Ingram and Corben, 1975)

Philoria loveridgei Parker, 1940

Philoria pughi Knowles, Mahony, Armstrong, and Donnellan, 2004

Philoria richmondensis Knowles, Mahony, Armstrong, and Donnellan, 2004

Philoria sphagnicola (Moore, 1958)

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