Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Nyctibatrachus aliciae Inger, Shaffer, Koshy, and Bakde, 1984

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Nyctibatrachidae > Subfamily: Nyctibatrachinae > Genus: Nyctibatrachus > Species: Nyctibatrachus aliciae

Nyctibatrachus aliciae Inger, Shaffer, Koshy, and Bakde, 1984, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 81: 414. Holotype: NMNHI (formerly RFI 31300), by original designation; now in RMNHB according to Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Gururaja, and Bhatta, 2009, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occas. Pap., 302: 61. Type locality: "Ponmudi, Trivandrum District, Kerala, 359 m elevation", India.

Nyctibatrachus deveni Biju, Van Bocxlaer, Mahony, Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Zachariah, Giri, and Bossuyt, 2011, Zootaxa, 3029: 30. Holotype: ZSI/WGRC/V/A/786, by original designation. Type locality: "Kaikatti, Nelliyampathy, Palakkad district, Kerala state", India. Synonymy by Abraham, Rao, Zachariah, and Brown, 2022, Ichthyol. & Herpetol., 110: 541.

Nyctibatrachus periyar Biju, Van Bocxlaer, Mahony, Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Zachariah, Giri, and Bossuyt, 2011, Zootaxa, 3029: 56. Holotype: ZSI/WGRC/V/A/806, by original designation. Type locality: "Vallakadavu, Periyar Tiger Reserve, Idukki district, Kerala state", India. Synonymy by Abraham, Rao, Zachariah, and Brown, 2022, Ichthyol. & Herpetol., 110: 541.

Common Names

Alicia's Night Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 102; Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Gururaja, and Bhatta, 2009, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occas. Pap., 302: 61; Biju, Van Bocxlaer, Mahony, Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Zachariah, Giri, and Bossuyt, 2011, Zootaxa, 3029: 16).

Alice's Night Frog (Daniels, 2005, Amph. Peninsular India: 218).

Grandison's Wrinkled Frog (Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 65; Daniels, 2005, Amph. Peninsular India: 218).

Deven's Night Frog (Nyctibatrachus deveni, no longer recognized: Biju, Van Bocxlaer, Mahony, Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Zachariah, Giri, and Bossuyt, 2011, Zootaxa, 3029: 30).

Periyar Night Frog (Nyctibatrachus periyar, no longer recognized: Biju, Van Bocxlaer, Mahony, Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Zachariah, Giri, and Bossuyt, 2011, Zootaxa, 3029: 56).

Alicia's Wrinkled Frog (Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Deepak, and Kulkarni, 2023, Fauna India Checklist, vers. 5.0 : 8).

Deven's Wrinkled Frog (Nyctibatrachus deveni [no longer recognized]: Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Deepak, and Kulkarni, 2023, Fauna India Checklist, vers. 5.0 : 9).

Periyar Wrinkled Frog (Nyctibatrachus periyar [no longer recognized]: Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Deepak, and Kulkarni, 2023, Fauna India Checklist, vers. 5.0 : 9).

Distribution

Western Ghats of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, south of the Palakkad Gap.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: India

Endemic: India

Comment

Biju, 2001, Occas. Publ. Indian Soc. Conserv. Biol., 1: 16, provided the range. Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 66, provided a brief account. Das and Dutta, 2007, Hamadryad, 31: 154–181, noted no larval descriptions in the literature. Daniels, 2005, Amph. Peninsular India: 218-219, provided an account. Biju, Van Bocxlaer, Mahony, Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Zachariah, Giri, and Bossuyt, 2011, Zootaxa, 3029: 16-18, provided an account and redelimited the species diagnosis and its range. In the "southern clade", Nyctibatrachus aliciae group, of Van Bocxlaer, Biju, Willaert, Giri, Shouche, and Bossuyt, 2012, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 62: 839-847. A very brief characterization, photograph, and dot map provided by Subramanian, Dinesh, and Radhakrishnan, 2013, Atlas of Endemic Amph. W. Ghats: 78 (as Nyctibatrachus deveni on p. 84, and as Nyctibatrachus periyar on p. 95). Abraham, Rao, Zachariah, and Brown, 2022, Ichthyol. & Herpetol., 110: 526–546, reviewed the adult and larval morphological, acoustic, and molecular evidence for the existence of cryptic and not-so-cryptic diversity, found none, and recommended the synonymy of Nyctibatrachus deveni and Nyctibatrachus periyar. Raj, 2023, J. Threatened Taxa, 15: 24231–24240, reported on larval morphology of Nyctibatrachus cf. periyar.

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