Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Nyctibatrachus major Boulenger, 1882

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Nyctibatrachidae > Subfamily: Nyctibatrachinae > Genus: Nyctibatrachus > Species: Nyctibatrachus major

Nyctibatrachus major Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 114. Syntypes: BMNH 1947.2.5.79–88 (formerly 1872.4.17.117–119, 1874.4.29.69–621, 874.4.29.522–524, 1874.4.29.1425–142, and 1882.2.10.34–37) according to museum records, MCZ 15405 (on exchange from BMNH, according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 96: 160). BMNH 1947.2.5.76 designated lectotype by Biju, Van Bocxlaer, Mahony, Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Zachariah, Giri, and Bossuyt, 2011, Zootaxa, 3029: 49. Type localities: "Malabar" and "Wynaad", South India; restricted to "Malabar" by the lectotype designation.

Rana travancorica Annandale, 1910, Rec. Indian Mus., 5: 191. Syntypes: ZSIC or Trivandrum Mus., India. Type localities: "Eathancaud and at Anachardie in the Ariankavu Range near Shencottah on the Madras frontier", Travancore, India. Synonymy by Pillai, 1978, Bull. Zool. Surv. India, 1: 135–140. This synonymy disputed by Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 165, on the basis that Pillai did not examine Annandale's specimens. Synonymy confirmed by Biju, Van Bocxlaer, Mahony, Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Zachariah, Giri, and Bossuyt, 2011, Zootaxa, 3029: 49.

Common Names

Malabar Night Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 102; Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Gururaja, and Bhatta, 2009, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occas. Pap., 302: 64; Biju, Van Bocxlaer, Mahony, Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Zachariah, Giri, and Bossuyt, 2011, Zootaxa, 3029: 49).

Large Wrinkled Frog (Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 65; Daniels, 2005, Amph. Peninsular India: 226).

Boulenger's Narrow-eyed Frog (Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 69–70).

Travancore Wrinkled Frog (Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Deepak, and Kulkarni, 2023, Fauna India Checklist, vers. 5.0 : 9).

Distribution

Southern part of the Western Ghats region in Tamil Nadu, and Kerala, India, elevations of 110–920 m.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: India

Endemic: India

Comment

See Pillai, 1978, Bull. Zool. Surv. India, 1: 135–140, for discussion, redescription, and characterization. Inger, Shaffer, Koshy, and Bakde, 1984, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 81: 417–418, provided a brief account. Biju, 2001, Occas. Publ. Indian Soc. Conserv. Biol., 1: 16, implied that considerable intraspecific variation can be seen in this taxon. Kuramoto and Joshy, 2001, Curr. Herpetol., Kyoto, 20: 85–95, reported on the advertisement call. Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 69–70, provided a brief account. Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 147, provided range and partial taxonomic bibliography. Daniels, 2005, Amph. Peninsular India: 226–228, provided an account. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 488. Das and Dutta, 2007, Hamadryad, 31: 154–181, noted a few larval descriptions in the literature of varying completeness. Biju, Van Bocxlaer, Mahony, Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Zachariah, Giri, and Bossuyt, 2011, Zootaxa, 3029: 49–52, provided an account and redelimited the species diagnosis and its range. A very brief characterization, photograph, and dot map provided by Subramanian, Dinesh, and Radhakrishnan, 2013, Atlas of Endemic Amph. W. Ghats: 92. Sreekumar and Dinesh, 2020, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 120: 33–40, noted that records from Maharashtra, India, are in error.

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